Table 3.
Cox proportional hazards analysis of factors associated with incident tuberculosis (N = 62,983)
| Characteristic | Unadjusted | Adjusted¶ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | aHR | 95% CI | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 15–25 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| 26–35 | 1.6 | 1.3–1.9 | 1.6 | 1.0–2.4 |
| 36–45 | 2.1 | 1.8–2.5 | 1.6 | 1.2–2.2 |
| 45+ | 2.2 | 1.7–2.6 | 1.3 | 0.9–2.0 |
| Sex | ||||
| Females | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Males | 2.4 | 2.2–2.6 | 1.8 | 1.7–1.9 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Married/co-habiting | 0.8 | 0.7–0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8–1.0 |
| Widowed/divorced | 1.1 | 1.0–1.2 | 0.9 | 0.8–1.1 |
| BMI categories (Kg/m2) | ||||
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 2.5 | 2.3–2.7 | 1.8 | 1.5–2.1 |
| Normal (18.5–24.5) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 0.5 | 0.4–0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6–0.8 |
| Obese (≥30) | 0.4 | 0.3–0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4–0.7 |
| CD4 categories (cells/μl) | ||||
| < 200 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| 200–350 | 0.5 | 0.5–0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6–0.8 |
| > 350 | 0.3 | 0.3–0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4–0.6 |
| WHO clinical staging of HIV | ||||
| I | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| II | 2.0 | 1.7–2.3 | 1.4 | 1.2–1.6 |
| III | 4.4 | 3.9–5.0 | 2.7 | 2.2–3.2 |
| IV | 5.3 | 4.5–6.1 | 2.6 | 1.8–3.9 |
| Cotrimoxazole use | ||||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Yes | 2.4 | 1.9–3.1 | 2.2 | 1.3–3.9 |
| IPT status | ||||
| Ever | 0.7 | 0.6–0.7 | 0.6 | 0.4–0.9 |
| Never | 1.0 | |||
| ART status | ||||
| Ever | 2.6 | 2.1–3.1 | 1.5 | 1.0–2.2 |
| Never | 1.0 | 1.00 | ||
| Functional status at enrolment | ||||
| Working | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Bedridden | 1.8 | 1.2–2.8 | 2.5 | 2.0–3.2 |
| Ambulatory | 6.1 | 5.3–7.0 | 1.2 | 0.4–3.2 |
adjusted for the effect of age, sex, BMI, CD4 count, WHO stage, IPT use, ART status and Functional status at enrollment