Table 1.
FDA-approved anti-hypertensives that show promising in vivo results for treatment of hypertension when combined with NP formulations
| FDA-approved antihypertensive | NP Formulation | NP delivery method | In vivo model of hypertension | Effect of NP-antihypertensive on BP | Bioavailability | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOD | Liposome encapsulation | Daily injections (x8 days) | 5 day infusion of AngII in rats | Reduced MAP by 50 mm Hg | Increased circulation time of 5 hours | 22, 23 |
| Lercanidipine | Proliposome | Oral dose using intragastric tube | *DOCA salt protocol, rats | Immediate and long lasting (24 hrs) reduction of SBP | t½ = 6.95 h (vs. 5.26 h for free drug) |
29 |
| Felodipine | PLGA | Orally (1mg/kg) | *DOCA salt protocol, rats | Long lasting (4 days) reduction of SBP compared to free drug (< 2 days) | Sustained release in vitro (144 hours). In vivo measures N/A |
41 |
| aliskiren | Magnetic poly(D, -lactide) | Oral gavage | Spontaneously hypertensive rats | Reduced SBP ~25 mm Hg compared to aliskiren alone | N/A | 44 |
Abbreviations: FDA, Food and Drug Administration. NP, nanoparticle. BP, blood pressure. SOD, superoxide dismutase. PLGA, polylactide-co-glycolide. PLA, poly-lactic acid. AngII, angiotensin II. DOCA, deoxycorticosterone acetate. MAP, mean arterial pressure. SBP, systolic blood pressure. t½ = half-life.
*
Subcutaneous injections of DOCA in olive oil administered twice weekly for four weeks. Doses varied from 20–25 mg/kg among studies.