Figure 4.

Signaling molecules involved in ADM actions on PDX1–β-Lox5 cell aggregates. Aggregated β-Lox-5 cells transduced with PDX1 on day 7 of culture in DMEM containing 4 mg/mL glucose were treated with (A) KT5720 (KT, 10 µM), (B) PD98059 (PD, 10 µM), or (C) wortmannin (Wort, 0.1 µM) for 30 min and then ADM (0.1 µM) for 24 h, and insulin concentrations in the cell culture media were determined using human insulin ELISA kit. Data are displayed as mean ± SEM of the results from three separate experiments. Different letters indicate significant differences between groups (P > 0.05).