Figure 1:
Sleep with other triggers of immunometabolic dysfunction and relation to healthspan, disease, and disability in midlife women. Sleep can affect immunometabolism directly and through interactions with other triggers.
Hormonal regulation: reproductive hormones, adipokines, and other hormones.
HALE= healthy life expectancy5
CVD = cardiovascular disease
Courtesy of R. Kazlauskaite, MD, MSc, FACE, Chicago, IL.