Table 3.

Pharmacokinetic parameters of each component after oral administration of Xian-ling-gu-bao extracts.

Dose	Compounds	Tmax (h)	Cmax (ng/mL)	t1/2 (h)	AUC0-t (ng*h/mL)	AUC0–∞ (ng*h/mL)	MRT0–t (h)	MRT0–∞ (h)
12 g/kg	Sweroside	0.50 ± 0	300.95 ± 19.36	23.67 ± 12.32	1146.72 ± 35.28	1333.04 ± 97.91	8.25 ± 0.83	19.19 ± 6.86
	Magnoflorine	1.67 ± 0.26	1157.65 ± 101.54	13.40 ± 0.75	3325.47 ± 130.35	3483.38 ± 121.29	6.67 ± 0.32	9.43 ± 0.47
	Epimedin C	1.42 ± 0.38	1411.56 ± 200.86	11.13 ± 13.85	4397.49 ± 435.63	4527.69 ± 474.54	3.07 ± 0.63	5.10 ± 4.50
	Akebia saponin D	2.67 ± 0.52	451.92 ± 91.76	5.51 ± 1.33	2642.49 ± 233.18	2658.47 ± 241.31	5.03 ± 0.32	5.91 ± 0.50
	Psoralen	1.83 ± 0.41	1910.32 ± 117.87	4.20 ± 0.42	28308.75 ± 898.59	28395.45 ± 877.42	13.19 ± 1.14	13.31 ± 1.18
	Isopsoralen	1.67 ± 0.41	1239.77 ± 72.15	6.86 ± 3.44	19394.94 ± 1997.00	19853.64 ± 2015.85	13.31 ± 0.43	14.17 ± 1.43
	Neobavaisoflavone	1.83 ± 0.26	18.37 ± 5.40	16.18 ± 10.31	110.08 ± 30.32	127.48 ± 32.27	8.79 ± 2.43	17.21 ± 9.50
	Icariside II	1.83 ± 0.26	68.11 ± 12.99	9.90 ± 5.47	280.72 ± 40.81	293.14 ± 38.79	5.33 ± 0.84	7.36 ± 1.41
	Corylin	1.92 ± 0.58	44.22 ± 9.07	13.51 ± 3.81	386.15 ± 84.00	442.39 ± 107.76	14.73 ± 1.76	20.65 ± 3.78
	Psoralidin	1.33 ± 0.52	10.52 ± 4.11	1.40 ± 0.36	27.78 ± 13.97	34.27 ± 16.04	2.05 ± 0.45	2.78 ± 0.68
	Bavachinin	1.58 ± 0.38	36.00 ± 4.29	12.57 ± 3.06	343.30 ± 61.62	379.76 ± 59.32	13.56 ± 2.69	18.40 ± 3.38
6 g/kg	Sweroside	0.67 ± 0.26	135.49 ± 10.25	13.80 ± 7.36	597.74 ± 59.35	689.54 ± 110.18	8.31 ± 2.11	16.67 ± 7.30
	Magnoflorine	0.67 ± 0.26	651.67 ± 64.61	21.78 ± 4.20	2597.64 ± 248.53	4610.73 ± 571.75	17.27 ± 0.63	44.36 ± 6.88
	Epimedin C	0.67 ± 0.26	854.12 ± 167.28	0.76 ± 0.10	1361.31 ± 79.46	1365.29 ± 80.31	1.45 ± 0.08	1.47 ± 0.08
	Akebia saponin D	1.17 ± 0.26	249.85 ± 64.31	1.37 ± 0.23	731.52 ± 131.54	756.83 ± 140.72	2.41 ± 0.25	2.63 ± 0.25
	Psoralen	2.92 ± 1.28	1384.02 ± 150.23	6.78 ± 1.00	18300.54 ± 510.87	18494.30 ± 528.74	11.79 ± 0.99	12.22 ± 0.90
	Isopsoralen	3.67 ± 0.52	1136.28 ± 100.43	6.78 ± 1.09	15120.11 ± 1290.85	15295.1307.27±	11.72 ± 0.83	12.19 ± 0.75
	Neobavaisoflavone	0.58 ± 0.20	10.68 ± 0.59	11.22 ± 9.11	41.14 ± 18.98	60.56 ± 41.04	9.13 ± 9.19	19.26 ± 20.70
	Icariside II	0.67 ± 0.41	23.64 ± 2.84	9.93 ± 8.71	85.46 ± 15.26	94.10 ± 16.91	6.45 ± 3.98	10.51 ± 6.10
	Corylin	1.00 ± 0	21.09 ± 3.40	23.44 ± 10.31	166.50 ± 26.45	227.72 ± 52.75	16.55 ± 4.24	33.27 ± 11.40
	Psoralidin	0.58 ± 0.20	4.21 ± 0.45	2.09 ± 0.31	8.80 ± 1.38	11.58 ± 0.94	1.78 ± 0.36	3.13 ± 0.36
	Bavachinin	1.25 ± 1.04	20.41 ± 2.63	19.08 ± 8.31	346.62 ± 36.95	406.85 ± 56.64	19.50 ± 3.03	28.15 ± 8.89
3 g/kg	Sweroside	1.17 ± 0.26	35.58 ± 2.27	21.29 ± 3.33	313.05 ± 39.12	452.16 ± 50.32	12.42 ± 3.30	31.70 ± 4.64
	Magnoflorine	0.50 ± 0	31.78 ± 4.77	20.00 ± 8.43	263.57 ± 76.19	319.78 ± 96.94	16.39 ± 4.54	26.17 ± 8.51
	Akebia saponin D	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Epimedin C	0.50 ± 0	29.07 ± 9.19	14.88 ± 13.40	21.70 ± 3.40	69.33 ± 37.54	1.41 ± 1.01	20.72 ± 19.70
	Psoralen	4.50 ± 1.22	290.47 ± 23.33	6.39 ± 3.73	2738.61 ± 681.96	2807.61 ± 701.19	7.55 ± 2.44	8.40 ± 2.93
	Isopsoralen	3.50 ± 2.49	270.33 ± 35.05	6.88 ± 4.89	2390.74 ± 460.21	2473.66 ± 494.00	7.49 ± 2.83	8.73 ± 3.76
	Neobavaisoflavone	0.50 ± 0	1.46 ± 0.38	6.28 ± 7.25	2.10 ± 0.78	7.24 ± 6.25	1.57 ± 0.81	10.51 ± 13.50
	Icariside II	0.50 ± 0	3.74 ± 0.85	12.23 ± 9.22	5.52 ± 3.08	17.00 ± 9.29	2.40 ± 1.54	16.51 ± 12.48
	Corylin	0.75 ± 0.27	4.15 ± 0.59	30.71 ± 20.02	10.62 ± 3.66	86.37 ± 67.67	5.60 ± 5.20	51.11 ± 29.69
	Psoralidin	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Bavachinin	0.50 ± 0	10.25 ± 2.84	11.51 ± 9.48	31.63 ± 11.39	53.60 ± 27.93	6.26 ± 4.26	18.47 ± 15.68

T_max, peak time; C_max, peak concentration; t_1/2, apparent elimination half-life; AUC_0–t: area under the curve calculated at the last experimental point; AUC_0–∞: area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to infinity; MRT_0–t, mean residence time at the last experimental point; MRT_0–∞: mean residence time from zero to infinity.