Table 4. Overview of effect sizes of significant differences (p < .05).

Subscale SOuRCe	Group vs. Group	Effect size*	Interpretation**
RCR Resources	PhD students < Associate & full professors	.29	Small
RCR Resources	Postdocs & assistant professors < PhD students	.19	Small
RCR Resources	Postdocs & assistant professors < Associate & full professors	.47	Small
Integrity Norms	Postdocs & assistant professors < Associate & full professors	.22	Small
Integrity Socialization	PhD students < Associate & full professors	.18	Small
Integrity Socialization	Postdocs & assistant professors < Associate & full professors	.87	Large
Supervisor-Supervisee Relations	PhD students < Associate & full professors	.36	Small
Supervisor-Supervisee Relations	Postdocs & assistant professors < Associate & full professors	.43	Small
Integrity Inhibitors	PhD students < Associate & full professors	.25	Small
Expectations	PhD students < Associate & full professors	.27	Small
Expectations	Postdocs & assistant professors < Associate & full professors	.43	Small
Regulatory Quality	Humanities < Biomedical sciences	.50	Medium
Regulatory Quality	Humanities < Social sciences	.42	Small
Expectations	Social sciences < Biomedical sciences	.29	Small
Expectations	Social sciences < Natural sciences	.42	Small
Expectations	Humanities < Biomedical sciences	.39	Small
Expectations	Humanities < Natural sciences	.55	Medium

* based on Hedges’ G that is calculated as: $\raisebox{1ex}{$M1-M2$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$SDpooled$}\right.$)

** An effect size of .20 is small, .50 is medium, .80 is large and 1.30 is very large.