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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Anesthesiology. 2019 Apr;130(4):651–665. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002353

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Schematic of historical perspective on pain modulation by spinal cord stimulation. Dorsal column stimulation results in direct presynaptic inhibition of small diameter sensory neurons and the activation of inhibitory interneurons producing an inhibitory effect on these neurons. Dorsal column stimulation also activates descending pain inhibitory pathways originating from the locus coeruleus and raphe nuclei.