Table 3.
Linear Mixed Model of BMI Percentile over Age 3, 5, and 9 Years, According to High Cumulative Social Risk (≥2 Social Factors) at Age 1 and/or 3 Years
| Total sample (%) | Initial BMIpa (β0j) (95% CI)c | Growth in BMIpb (β1j) (95% CI)c | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Girls (n = 1825) | |||
| High cumulative social risk (≥2) | |||
| Both age 1 and 3 years | 173 (9.49) | 0.89 (−3.71 to 5.48) | −1.24 (−2.93 to 0.46) |
| Age 3 years only | 377 (20.65) | 1.37 (−2.25 to 4.99) | 0.39 (−0.86 to 1.63) |
| Age 1 year only | 123 (6.73) | 5.70 (0.15–11.26) | 0.32 (−1.57 to 2.22) |
| Neither age 1 nor 3 years | 1152 (63.13) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Boys (n = 1984) | |||
| High cumulative social risk (≥2) | |||
| Both age 1 and 3 years | 195 (9.84) | −1.11 (−5.71 to 3.50) | −0.17 (−1.81 to 1.47) |
| Age 3 years only | 479 (24.13) | −1.20 (−5.48 to 3.09) | −0.50 (−1.91 to 0.92) |
| Age 1 year only | 111 (5.61) | 1.33 (−4.96 to 7.61) | −0.30 (−2.57 to 1.97) |
| Neither age 1 nor 3 years | 1199 (60.41) | Ref. | Ref. |
The statistically significant results at an α = 0.05 level are in bold.
a
BMIp at age 3 years.
b
In the unit of 2 years.
c
Adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, maternal education, maternal marital status, receipt of public assistance, low birth weight, maternal BMI.