Table 7.
Distribution of infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality by plurality: leading causes of infant death
| All US births* | Study singletons | Study twins | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICD-10 | Rank | Number | % of total | Rank | Number | % of total | Rank | Number | % of total | |
| Codes | Deaths | Deaths | Deaths | |||||||
| Infant mortality (birth to 364 days) | ||||||||||
| All causes | – | 23,161 | – | – | 8657 | – | – | 2404 | – | |
| Congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities | Q00-Q99 | 1 | 4816 | 20.8 | 1 | 2200 | 25.4 | 2 | 317 | 13.2 |
| Disorders related to short gestation and low birthweight | P07 | 2 | 3927 | 17.0 | 2 | 884 | 10.2 | 1 | 459 | 19.1 |
| Sudden infant death syndrome | R95 | 3 | 1500 | 6.5 | 3 | 679 | 7.8 | 8 | 68 | 2.8 |
| Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy | P01 | 4 | 1402 | 6.1 | 4 | 268 | 3.1 | 3 | 232 | 9.7 |
| Accidents (unintentional injuries) | V01-X59 | 5 | 1219 | 5.3 | 5 | 421 | 4.9 | 9 | 30 | 1.2 |
| Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord, and membranes | P02 | 6 | 841 | 3.6 | 6 | 242 | 2.8 | 7 | 101 | 4.2 |
| Bacterial sepsis of newborn | P36 | 7 | 583 | 2.5 | 7 | 246 | 2.8 | 6 | 121 | 5.0 |
| Respiratory distress of newborn | P22 | 8 | 488 | 2.1 | 8 | 245 | 2.8 | 4 | 157 | 6.5 |
| Diseases of the circulatory system | I00-I99 | 9 | 460 | 2.0 | 9 | 211 | 2.4 | 9 | 44 | 1.8 |
| Neonatal hemorrhage | P50-P52, P54 | 10 | 398 | 1.7 | 10 | 199 | 2.3 | 5 | 119 | 5.0 |
| Neonatal mortality (birth to 27 days) | ||||||||||
| All causes | – | 15,282 | – | – | 5202 | – | 1855 | |||
| Disorders related to short gestation and low birthweight | P07 | 1 | 3855 | 25.2 | 2 | 819 | 15.7 | 1 | 424 | 22.9 |
| Congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities | Q00-Q99 | 2 | 3394 | 22.2 | 1 | 1482 | 28.5 | 2 | 251 | 13.5 |
| Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy | P01 | 3 | 1389 | 9.1 | 3 | 256 | 4.9 | 3 | 227 | 12.2 |
| Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord, and membranes | P02 | 4 | 829 | 5.4 | 5 | 228 | 4.4 | 7 | 99 | 5.3 |
| Bacterial sepsis of newborn | P36 | 5 | 555 | 3.6 | 6 | 212 | 4.1 | 6 | 105 | 5.7 |
| Respiratory distress of newborn | P22 | 6 | 479 | 3.1 | 4 | 229 | 4.4 | 4 | 150 | 8.1 |
| Neonatal hemorrhage | P50-P52, P54 | 7 | 391 | 2.6 | 7 | 187 | 3.6 | 5 | 110 | 5.9 |
| Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia | P20-P21 | 8 | 331 | 2.2 | 8 | 134 | 2.6 | 10 | 19 | 1.0 |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis of newborn | P77 | 9 | 303 | 2.0 | 9 | 118 | 2.3 | 8 | 54 | 2.9 |
| Atelectasis | P28.0-P28.1 | 10 | 261 | 1.7 | 10 | 77 | 1.5 | 9 | 34 | 1.8 |
| Postneonatal mortality (28–364 days) | ||||||||||
| All causes | – | 7879 | – | – | 3449 | – | – | 544 | – | |
| Congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities | Q00-Q99 | 1 | 1422 | 18.0 | 1 | 718 | 20.8 | 1 | 65 | 11.9 |
| Sudden infant death syndrome | R95 | 2 | 1380 | 17.5 | 2 | 605 | 17.5 | 2 | 62 | 11.4 |
| Accidents (unintentional injuries) | V01-X59 | 3 | 1084 | 13.8 | 3 | 339 | 9.8 | 6 | 25 | 4.6 |
| Diseases of the circulatory system | I00-I99 | 4 | 361 | 4.6 | 4 | 154 | 4.5 | 5 | 26 | 4.8 |
| Assault (homicide) | X85-Y09 | 5 | 253 | 3.2 | 5 | 96 | 2.8 | 10 | 7 | 1.3 |
| Diarrhea and gastroenteritis of infectious origin | A09 | 6 | 205 | 2.6 | 7 | 41 | 1.2 | 8 | 22 | 4.0 |
| Septicemia | A40-A41 | 7 | 190 | 2.4 | 6 | 83 | 2.4 | 7 | 23 | 4.2 |
| Influenza and pneumonia | J09-J18 | 8 | 164 | 2.1 | 8 | 70 | 2.0 | 9 | 14 | 2.6 |
| Chronic respiratory disease originating in the perinatal period | P27 | 9 | 89 | 1.1 | 10 | 59 | 1.7 | 4 | 30 | 5.5 |
| Disorders related to short gestation and low birthweight | P07 | 10 | 72 | 0.9 | 9 | 65 | 1.9 | 3 | 32 | 5.9 |
*2016 deaths, from Heron M. Deaths: Leading Causes for 2016. National Vital Statistics Reports, July 26, 2018, vol. 67, no. 6, pp. 1–77