Figure 11 .

Diminished NHE-3 expression persists in water-deprived Epac1^−/− and Epac2^−/− mice. A) Representative Western blots from whole kidney lysates of 24 h water-deprived Epac WT, Epac1^−/−, and Epac2^−/− mice probed with antibodies against Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger SLC9A3, NHE-3 (top), and phospho-pS⁵⁵² NHE-3 (bottom) forms. B, C) Summary graph comparing total renal NHE-3 expression (B) and phosphorylated pS⁵⁵² NHE-3 levels (C) in Epac WT, Epac1^−/−, and Epac2^−/− from Western blots similar to that shown in A. Intensity values were normalized to total protein signal after Ponceau red staining. *P < 0.05 vs. Epac WT. Number of animals in each group is indicated on each bar.