Effect of 1NMPP1 on immune cell infiltration and Th2 cytokine levels. BAL cell counts of eosinophils, lymphocytes, and neutrophils we increased by MA challenge. A) 1NMPP1 for 4 wk reduced eosinophils in MA-challenged TrkBKI mice, whereas lymphocytes and neutrophils remained increased. B) BAL eosinophils, lymphocytes, and neutrophils remained increased in MA mice treated with 1NMPP1 for 2 wk. C, D) Expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 was increased in lung tissue from MA-challenged mice, whereas 1NMPP1 treatment for 4 (C) and 2 (D) wk did not affect their levels. Data are presented as mean ± sem (n = 4–8 mice/group). *P < 0.05, significant difference between control and MA; $P < 0.05, significant difference between MA and 1NMPP1 + MA.