Table 3.

Sex-stratified associations between prenatal carbon monoxide (CO) exposure and GRAPHS study arm on cord blood mononuclear cell mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) percentage *: Linear regression †.

Exposure	N	Boys			N	Girls
		$\mathsf{\beta }$ (SE)	p-Value			$\mathsf{\beta }$ (SE)	p-Value
Prenatal CO$\pm$	63	−14.84 (6.41)	0.03		57	0.67 (3.33)	0.84
GRAPHS Study Arm
3-Stone Fire	30	Referent	NA		27	Referent	NA
BioLite Stove	17	−7.75 (11.63)	0.51		18	7.30 (15.37)	0.64
LPG	16	30.65 (14.46)	0.04		12	13.76 (17.63)	0.44

* MtDNAcn percent change relative to the study population average. $†$ Models adjusted for gestational age at delivery; maternal height, weight, and age; ethnicity; household wealth index; and PCR plate number. $\pm$ Per 1 ppm increase in average prenatal CO exposure.