Table 2.
Current health status and HRQOL of participants.
| Characteristics | Women | Men | Total | p-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| Having problems in | |||||||
| Mobility | 196 | 53.6 | 67 | 42.7 | 263 | 50.3 | 0.02 |
| Self-care | 99 | 27.1 | 30 | 19.1 | 129 | 24.7 | 0.05 |
| Usual activities | 177 | 48.4 | 58 | 36.9 | 235 | 44.9 | 0.02 |
| Pain/Discomfort | 274 | 74.9 | 104 | 66.2 | 378 | 72.3 | 0.04 |
| Anxiety/Depression | 152 | 41.5 | 42 | 26.8 | 194 | 37.1 | <0.01 |
| History of illness | |||||||
| Stroke | 1 | 0.3 | 9 | 5.7 | 10 | 1.9 | <0.01 |
| Anemic cerebral ischemia | 23 | 6.3 | 5 | 3.2 | 28 | 5.4 | 0.15 |
| Diabetes | 13 | 3.6 | 11 | 7.0 | 24 | 4.6 | 0.08 |
| Chronic lung disease | 20 | 5.5 | 15 | 9.6 | 35 | 6.7 | 0.09 |
| Parkinson’s | 2 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 0.4 | 0.35 |
| Arthritis | 115 | 31.1 | 35 | 22.3 | 150 | 28.7 | 0.03 |
| Hypertension | 100 | 27.3 | 69 | 44.0 | 169 | 32.3 | <0.01 |
| Smoking cigarettes in the last 5 years | <0.01 | ||||||
| Non-smoker in last 5 years | 364 | 99.5 | 109 | 69.4 | 473 | 90.4 | |
| Former smoker in last 5 years | 0 | 0.0 | 23 | 14.7 | 23 | 4.4 | |
| Current smoker | 2 | 0.6 | 25 | 15.9 | 27 | 5.2 | |
| Drinking alcohol in the last 5 years | <0.01 | ||||||
| Non-drinker | 360 | 98.4 | 56 | 35.7 | 416 | 79.5 | |
| Former alcohol drinker | 0 | 0.0 | 14 | 8.9 | 14 | 2.7 | |
| Current alcohol drinker | 6 | 1.6 | 87 | 55.4 | 93 | 17.8 | |
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p-value | |
| EQ-5D-5L-Index a | 0.64 | 0.21 | 0.70 | 0.23 | 0.66 | 0.22 | <0.01 |
| VAS Score b | 61.1 | 21.0 | 61.6 | 21.6 | 61.2 | 21.2 | 0.81 |
a Reported EQ-5D-5L-Index indicates the number of participants who reported having pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. b EQ-VAS score ranges from 0 (the worse health state) to 100 (the best health state).