Table 4.
Factors associated with HRQOL.
| Characteristics | EQ-5D Index a | EQ-VAS Score b | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient | 95% CI | Coefficient | 95% CI | |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | ref | ref | ||
| Male | 0.17 *** | 0.09, 0.25 | 4.69 * | −0.17, 9.54 |
| Age | −0.01 *** | −0.01, 0.00 | −0.29 ** | −0.53, −0.05 |
| Religion | ||||
| No | ref | ref | ||
| Yes | 0.06 * | −0.01, 0.13 | −13.33 *** | −18.74, −7.91 |
| Occupation | ||||
| Retired | ref | ref | ||
| Self-employed | −0.11 ** | −0.20, −0.02 | −7.49 * | −15.03, 0.04 |
| Others | 5.09 | −1.66, 11.84 | ||
| Having caregivers | ||||
| No | ref | |||
| Yes | −9.86 * | −19.95, 0.24 | ||
| Poor status | ||||
| Poor | ||||
| Non-poor | 0.05 * | −0.01, 0.10 | 10.59 *** | 5.98, 15.21 |
| History of illness | ||||
| Stroke | ||||
| No | ref | |||
| Yes | −0.13 | −0.30, 0.04 | ||
| Anemic cerebral ischemia (Yes vs. No) | ||||
| No | ref | |||
| Yes | −5.90 | −14.01, 2.21 | ||
| Diabetes (Yes vs. No) | ||||
| No | ref | |||
| Yes | −0.10 | −0.23, 0.02 | ||
| Chronic lung disease (Yes vs. No) | ||||
| No | ref | ref | ||
| Yes | −0.09 ** | −0.18, −0.00 | −8.26 ** | −16.35, −0.16 |
| Arthritis (Yes vs. No) | ||||
| No | ref | ref | ||
| Yes | −0.12 *** | −0.17, −0.07 | −7.02 *** | −11.15, −2.89 |
| Alcohol consumption in the last 5 years | ||||
| No drinking | ref | |||
| Former drinking | −0.18 ** | −0.33, −0.02 | −13.34 ** | −24.63, −2.05 |
| Current drinking | −0.10 ** | −0.18, −0.01 | ||
| Cigarette consumption in the last 5 years | ||||
| No smoking | ref | |||
| Former smoker | 0.15 ** | 0.02, 0.27 | 7.32 | −2.09, 16.72 |
| Current smoker | −0.09 | −0.20, 0.02 | −12.38 *** | −21.34, −3.41 |
*** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1. a Positive EQ-5D-5L-Index indicates the presence of difficulty with mobility, difficulty with self-care, difficulty with usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. b EQ-VAS score ranges from 0 (worst health state) to 100 (best health state).