Table 3.
Urbanization, eco-environment subsystems and variables.
| Subsystem/Inflows | Indicator | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Internal variables | Urbanization | Demographic | Urban/rural population |
| population growth rate | |||
| population density | |||
| Society | Employment/unemployment rate | ||
| Life expectancy per capita | |||
| Basic social security coverage | |||
| Investment in education | |||
| Investment in public health care | |||
| Economy | GDP | ||
| GDP of primary, second and tertiary industry | |||
| Urbanization Rate | |||
| Infrastructure | Highway mileageInfrastructure coverage | ||
| Mobile phone/Network coverage | |||
| Traffic volume of different transportation systems | |||
| Governance/Innovation | Investment in science and technology innovation | ||
| Government revenue/expenditure | |||
| Eco-environment | Air | Sulphur Emissions | |
| Nitride emission | |||
| PM2-5/PM10 content | |||
| Creature | Species diversity/number of endangered species | ||
| Territorial | Area of construction land | ||
| Grassland/woodland/arable land (coverage) | |||
| Energy/Resources | Renewable energy consumptionEnergy (per unit) consumption | ||
| Water | Living water consumption | ||
| Industrial water consumption | |||
| Agricultural water consumption | |||
| Sewage treatment | |||
| External flow | Globalization Mega Project National Policy Climate Change |
Actual use of foreign capital | |
| Foreign direct investment | |||
| Total import and export trade | |||
| Population immigration/emigration rate | |||
| Agricultural production | |||
| Average temperatures | |||
| Greenhouse gas concentration | |||
| Subsystem/inflows | Indicator | ||
| Internal variables | Urbanization | Demographic | Urban /rural population |
| population growth rate | |||
| population density | |||
| Society | Employment/unemployment rate | ||
| Life expectancy per capita | |||
| Basic social security coverage | |||
| Investment in education | |||
| Investment in public health care | |||
| Economy | GDP | ||
| GDP of primary, second and tertiary industry | |||
| Urbanization Rate | |||
| Infrastructure | Highway mileage Infrastructure coverage |
||
| Mobile phone/Network coverage | |||
| Traffic volume of different transportation systems | |||
| Governance/Innovation | Investment in science and technology innovation | ||
| Government revenue/expenditure | |||
| Eco-environment | Air | Sulphur Emissions | |
| Nitride emission | |||
| PM2-5/PM10 content | |||
| Creature | Species diversity/number of endangered species | ||
| Territorial | Area of construction land | ||
| Grassland/woodland/arable land (coverage) | |||
| Energy/Resources | Renewable energy consumption Energy (per unit) consumption |
||
| Water | Living water consumption | ||
| Industrial water consumption | |||
| Agricultural water consumption | |||
| Sewage treatment | |||
| External flow | Globalization Mega Project National Policy Climate Change |
Actual use of foreign capital | |
| Foreign direct investment | |||
| Total import and export trade | |||
| Population immigration/emigration rate | |||
| Agricultural production | |||
| Average temperatures | |||
| Greenhouse gas concentration |