Table 5.

Effect of parenting practices at preschool (T1) on behavioral problems at first grade (T2) boys only.

Parenting Practices	Model 1 Laxness				Model 2 Over-Reactivity				Model 3 Laxness and Over-Reactivity
	B	SE	β	p	B	SE	β	p	B	SE	β	p
Internalizing Problems
Laxness	0.177	0.113	0.046	0.111	-	-	-	-	0.182	0.115	0.047	0.112
Over-reactivity	−	−	−	−	0.106	0.081	0.038	0.192	0.088	0.082	0.032	0.285
Adjusted R2	0.369				0.375				0.380
Externalizing Problems
Laxness	0.244	0.113	0.055	0.028 *	-	-	-	-	0.218	0.115	0.049	0.038 **
Over-reactivity	-	-	-	-	0.170	0.085	0.054	0.042 *	0.153	0.086	0.048	0.047 **
Adjusted R2	0.504				0.505				0.507

Note: Internalizing problems: Controlled for family structure, attending institution, annual household income, maternal education level, paternal education level, and T1 internalizing problems. Externalizing problems: Controlled for family structure, attending institution, annual household income, maternal education level, paternal education level, and T1 externalizing problems. Abbreviations: Unstandardized coefficient (B); Standard Error (SE); Standardized coefficient (β); p-value (p); * significance at p < 0.05; ** significance at p < 0.01.