Table 8.

GRADE summary of findings of different schistosomiasis treatments vs. placebo, 2010–2016.

Outcomes	Anticipated Absolute Effects a (95% CI)		Relative Chance of Cure (95% CI)	Number of Participants/Studies	Certainty of the Evidence (GRADE)
	Risk with Placebo per 1000	Cure with Intervention Drug
Parasitological failure at 1 to 2 months (praziquantel 40 mg/kg single dose) [48]	908	381 (263–562)	RR 0.42 (0.29 to 0.58)	864/7 RCTs	High
Parasitological cure at 1 month b—Sc. mansoni infections (praziquantel 40 mg/kg single dose) [47]	337	1000 (347–1000)	RR 3.13 (1.03–9.53)	414/2 RCTs	Moderate c
Microhaematuria at 8 weeks (praziquantel 40 mg/kg single dose) [48]	281	149 (93–236)	RR 0.53 (0.33–0.84)	119/1 RCT	Low d,e,f
Infection rate of Sc. japonicum (artemether monotherapy 6 mg/kg) [49]	175	44 (28–70)	RR 0.25 (0.16–0.40)	8051/13 RCTs	Moderate c
Parasitological cure rate of Schistosoma species. (Artesunate—monotherapy (4 mg/kg daily for three consecutive days)) [49]	615 *	302 (172–459)	RR 0.49 (0.28–0.75)	800/7 RCTS	Moderate c
Adverse events, minor (praziquantel 40 mg/kg single dose) [49]	None	None	Not estimable	1591/9 RCTs	Low d

CI: confidence interval; GRADE: Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation; RR: risk ratio; RTC: randomized controlled trial. * praziquantel 40 mg/kg once.

• ^a 
  The risk in the intervention group per 1000 persons treated (95% CI) was based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).
• ^b 
  Treatment of only Sc. mansoni infections reported.
• ^c 
  Downgraded by 1 for indirectness: only two trials from limited settings evaluated this comparison.
• ^d 
  The trial was under-powered; downgraded by 1.
• ^e 
  Only a single trial reported this outcome.
• ^f 
  Publication bias was unclear.