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Representation of a current automated port terminal (a) and the aimed next generation grid-less AGVs (c). Vessels arrive at the seaside of the port and the cranes unload or load the containers. AGVs move the containers from the cranes area to the stacking area represented here with multi-color squares. Presently, AGVs follow pre-defined paths which limit their movements (a,b). Grid-less AGVs will provide vehicles with decision capacity and freedom of movement as seen in (c).
