Table 1.
Description of the clinical and biological characteristics of the patients with ESRD who started the first dialysis in emergency in the entire Bretagne region and within the higher-risk and lower-risk clusters (no. of patients = 665).
| Variables | Entire Bretagne (n = 665) | Higher-Risk Cluster ** (n = 70) | Lower-Risk Cluster ** (n = 78) | p-Value * |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incidence of emergency first dialysis per 100,000 inhabitants (mean ± SD) ** | 270.3 ± 744.6 | 434.1 ± 573.2 | 133.1 ± 396.6 | <0.0001 |
| PRIMARY RENAL disease (%) | ||||
| Polycystic disease | 3.8 | 0 | 1.3 | 0.980 |
| Hypertensive and vascular nephropathy | 26.4 | 12.9 | 25.6 | 0.051 |
| Glomerulonephritis | 12.3 | 7.1 | 19.2 | 0.052 |
| Pyelonephritis | 5.9 | 5.7 | 5.1 | 0.973 |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 9.6 | 8.6 | 14.1 | 0.316 |
| Others (Unknown and unclassifiable nephropathy) | 42 | 65.7 | 34.6 | <0.0001 |
| COMORBIDITIES (%) | ||||
| Respiratory disease | 20.9 | 18.8 | 23.4 | 0.482 |
| Active malignancy | 22.2 | 33.3 | 20 | 0.09 |
| Hepatic disease | 4.6 | 5.9 | 5.2 | 0.940 |
| Diabetes | 31.5 | 28.6 | 32 | 0.722 |
| CARDIOVASCULAR disease (%) | 0.921 | |||
| No | 35.4 | 34.3 | 32 | |
| One | 21.2 | 22.9 | 21.8 | |
| Two or more | 43.4 | 42.9 | 46.2 | |
| PHYSICAL DISABILITIES (%) | 0.019 | |||
| No | 93.2 | 97.1 | 85.9 | |
| One or more | 6.8 | 2.9 | 14.1 | |
| PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER (yes) (%) | 26.8 | 33.3 | 26.3 | 0.901 |
| BMI (%) | 0.658 | |||
| Underweight and normal (BMI < 25) | 52.7 | 64.6 | 57.1 | |
| Overweight (BMI ≥ 25) | 29.8 | 23.1 | 28.6 | |
| Obese (BMI > 30) | 16.7 | 11.4 | 14.1 | |
| SMOKING status (%) | 0.849 | |||
| Ex-smoker | 46 | 44.7 | 50 | |
| Smoker | 17.6 | 14.9 | 13.9 | |
| Never Smoked | 36.4 | 40.4 | 36.1 | |
| ALBUMIN (%) | 0.444 | |||
| <30 g/dL | 41.1 | 35.7 | 26.5 | |
| ≥30 g/dL | 58.9 | 64.3 | 73.5 | |
| HEMOGLOBIN (%) | 0.773 | |||
| <10 g/dL | 58.1 | 48.8 | 47.9 | |
| 10–12 g/dL | 37.4 | 44.2 | 47.9 | |
| >12 g/dL | 4.4 | 7 | 4.1 |
* p-values are calculated comparing proportion of patients in the high-risk cluster group to the low-risk cluster group of municipalities in each covariate using Chi-square test or exact Fisher test according to the assumptions. ** The higher- and lower-risk clusters were identified by SaTScan software as having significantly elevated or decreased risk of emergency first dialysis.