Table 4.
The standardized model results for direct and total indirect effects of predictors on walking via PA and sports goal factor.
| Predictors | Physical Environmental Features | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walkway Density | Intersection Density | Residential Density | Public Transit Stop Density | Sporting Places Density | |
| β | β | β | β | β | |
| Gender a | |||||
| Direct effect b | 0.002 | 0.002 | −0.002 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Total indirect effect c | −0.037 *** | −0.035 *** | −0.026 *** | −0.032 *** | −0.036 *** |
| Income | |||||
| Direct effect b | −0.097 * | −0.097 * | −0.080 * | −0.088 * | −0.107 * |
| Total indirect effect c | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.008 | 0.009 | 0.010 |
| Education | |||||
| Direct effect b | 0.100 * | 0.105 ** | 0.075 * | 0.089 * | 0.112 ** |
| Total indirect effect c | −0.010 | −0.009 | 0.007 | −0.008 | −0.009 |
| Marital Status | |||||
| Direct effect b | −0.059 | −0.040 | −0.044 | −0.042 | −0.055 |
| Total indirect effect c | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Perceived Health | |||||
| Direct effect b | −0.055 | −0.054 | −0.043 | −0.049 | −0.055 |
| Total indirect effect c | 0.047 | 0.045 *** | 0.033 *** | 0.040 *** | 0.046 *** |
| Environmental features d | |||||
| Direct effect b | 0.278 *** | 0.092 * | 0.720 *** | 0.532 *** | 0.135 ** |
| Total indirect effect c | −0.001 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.003 | −0.003 |
| Personal Goal F1 (PA, sports) | 0.175 *** | 0.169 *** | 0.124 *** | 0.150 *** | 0.171 *** |
| R-Square | 0.125 *** | 0.125 *** | 0.126 *** | 0.126 *** | 0.125 *** |
| RMSEA | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| GFI | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| TLI | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, a reference category = woman, b The direct effect of predictor on outcome after controlling for mediator (PA). c The effect of predictor on outcome via mediator. d the regression coefficients for environmental measures are divided by columns. β = standardized beta coefficient. DV: Total walking. RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation), GFI (Goodness of Fit Indices), TLI (Tucker-Lewis index).