Table 2.

List of concepts central to assessing frailty and their associated terms. Terms are not synonymous with the concept or the concept name. They indicate author may have been thinking about the concept. Bolded terms were not found in the topic modeling paper. Underlined terms were added by the annotation task

Concept	Terms (not synonyms)
ability to run finding	Difficulty running; able to run; unable to run; run
ability to stand finding	Difficulty standing up; unable to stand up; able to stand up; stand up
able to mobilize finding	ambulate independently; steady gait; unsteady gait
bed-ridden finding	bed-ridden; supine; stretcher
Paralysis finding	paralysis; paralyzed
wheelchair bound finding	wheelchair; scooter; w/c; wheel chair
able to perform dressing activity finding	dresses; Able to dress; independent with dressing; Needs help with dressing; Dependent for dressing; unable to dress; Difficulty dressing; shoes; ties shoes;
able to perform personal grooming activity finding	Able to wash own hair; Unable to wash own hair; Difficulty washing own hair; clean appearance; personal grooming; neatly dressed; well-groomed; well-groomed without assistance; good personal hygiene