Fig. 6.

Prevalence of pfmdr1 N86 in sub-Saharan countries by study and year. Each point depicts one study, sized according to the number of tested samples. The line represents the annual mean of all studies in a country. Mixed infections 86 N + Y were included together with N86 in the analysis. The countries either have a AL as first-line treatment, b ASAQ as first-line treatment or c multiple first line treatments. This data was extracted from 42 source publications, details of which can be found in Additional file 3