Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of mother-child dyads enrolled in the Tennessee Medicaid Program and in the CANDLE study by quartile of maternal 2nd trimester plasma folate levels.
| Characteristic | Quartile 1 (N=169) (3.76 – 12.9 ng/ml) |
Quartile 2 (N=169) (12.94 – 19.2 ng/ml) |
Quartile 3 (N=169) (19.23 – 26.8 ng/ml) |
Quartile 4 (N=169) (26.8 – 85.0 ng/ml) |
All N=676 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal race, n(%)a | |||||
| Black | 152 (90) | 150 (89) | 140 (83) | 127 (76) | 569 (84) |
| White | 15 (9) | 18 (11) | 28 (17) | 38 (23) | 99 (15) |
| Other | 2 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 3 (2) | 7 (1) |
| Missing | 1 | ||||
| Maternal education, n(%)a | |||||
| Less than High school | 39 (23) | 40 (24) | 19 (11) | 26 (15) | 124 (18) |
| High School | 103 (61) | 101 (60) | 110 (65) | 95 (57) | 409 (61) |
| Greater than High School | 27 (16) | 28 (17) | 40 (24) | 47 (28) | 142 (21) |
| Missing | 1 | ||||
| Maternal asthma, n(%) | |||||
| Yes | 18 (11) | 16 (9) | 17 (10) | 21 (12) | 72 (11) |
| No | 149 (89) | 153 (91) | 150 (90) | 148 (88) | 600 (89) |
| Missing | 4 | ||||
| Maternal prenatal smoking, n(%) | |||||
| Yes | 23 (14) | 22 (13) | 16 (9) | 25 (15) | 86 (13) |
| No | 146 (86) | 147 (87) | 153 (91) | 144 (85) | 590 (87) |
| Maternal prenatal vitamin use, n(%)a | |||||
| Yes | 141 (87) | 153 (94) | 161 (98) | 161 (97) | 616 (94) |
| No | 21 (13) | 10 (6) | 3 (2) | 5 (3) | 39 (6) |
| Missing | 21 | ||||
| Maternal age (years)a b | 24 [20, 26] | 22 [19, 26] | 24 [21, 28] | 23 [20, 28] | 23 [20, 27] |
| Maternal pre-pregnancy BMIb | 27 [22, 35] | 26 [22, 29] | 27 [23, 33] | 26 [22, 32] | 26 [22, 32] |
| Missing | 3 | ||||
| Maternal betaine intake(mg) b c | 225 [191, 267] | 236 [209, 276] | 237 [216, 282] | 236 [214, 271] | 235[207,275] |
| Maternal methionine intake (mg) bc | 2.3 [2.1, 2.6] | 2.3 [2.2, 2.6] | 2.3 [2.2, 2.5] | 2.3 [2.2, 2.6] | 2.3 [2.1, 2.6] |
| Maternal total choline intake (mg) a b c | 426 [380, 480] | 430 [380, 497] | 444 [402, 517] | 433 [395, 498] | 433[388,499] |
| Maternal total B6 intake (mg) a b c | 4.1 [3.2, 4.5] | 4.4 [4.0, 5.0] | 4.7 [4.4, 5.2] | 4.8 [4.4, 5.1] | 4.6 [4.1, 5.0] |
| Maternal total B12 intake (mg) a b c | 9 [7, 11] | 10 [8, 11] | 10 [9, 12] | 10 [9, 11] | 10 [9, 11] |
| Maternal total folate (DFE) a b c d (µg) | 1489 [1060,1810] | 1676 [1397,1813] | 1833 [1700,1990] | 1827 [1669,2019] | 1757 [1551,1930] |
| Infant birth weight (kg) a b | 3.2 [3.0, 3.5] | 3.2 [3.0, 3.4] | 3.2 [3.0, 3.5] | 3.3 [3.1, 3.6] | 3.2 [3.0, 3.5] |
| Infant estimated gestational age (wks) b | 39 [38, 40] | 39 [39, 40] | 39 [38, 40] | 39 [39, 40] | 39 [38, 40] |
| Infant sex n(%) | |||||
| Female | 76 (45) | 94 (56) | 73 (43) | 83 (49) | 326 (48) |
| Male | 93 (55) | 75 (44) | 96 (57) | 86 (51) | 350 (52) |
| Breastfeeding initiation n(%) | |||||
| Yes | 86 (52) | 92(57) | 97(60) | 104(64) | 379(58) |
| No | 79(48) | 70(43) | 64(40) | 59(36) | 272(42) |
| Missing | 25 | ||||
| Infant bronchiolitis n(%) | |||||
| Yes | 41 (24) | 40 (24) | 31 (18) | 29 (17) | 141 (21) |
| No | 128 (76) | 129 (76) | 138 (82) | 140 (83) | 535 (79) |
a
p<0.05 for difference between quartiles
b
Values are given as median and [IQR], Total N with plausible dietary intake data=507
c
Values calculated from 2nd trimester food frequency questionnaire data and are adjusted for total energy intake.
d
DFE: dietary folate equivalents; Total folate includes dietary folate, dietary folic acid, and supplemental folic acid intakes.