Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of children in the study
| Characteristics | Value | All (N = 131) | HT (N = 45) | TM (N = 42) | PMR (N = 44) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | Average age ± SD | 13.3 ± 2.5 | 13.0 ± 2.3 | 13.9 ± 2.4 | 12.9 ± 2.7 |
| Gender, N (%) | Boys | 30 (23%) | 7 (16%) | 9 (21%) | 14 (32%) |
| Girls | 101 (77%) | 38 (84%) | 33 (79%) | 30 (68%) | |
| Hospital, N (%) | Atrium | 23 (18%) | 8 (18%) | 7 (17%) | 8 (18%) |
| CWZ | 9 (7%) | 3 (7%) | 3 (7%) | 3 (7%) | |
| Antonius | 27 (21%) | 10 (22%) | 9 (21%) | 8 (18%) | |
| Isala | 46 (35%) | 14 (31%) | 15 (36%) | 17 (39%) | |
| MMC | 6 (5%) | 3 (7%) | 1 (2%) | 2 (5%) | |
| JKZ | 20 (15%) | 7 (16%) | 7 (17%) | 6 (14%) | |
| Diagnosis, N (%) | Migraine | 21 (16%) | 7 (16%) | 7 (17%) | 7 (16%) |
| Tension-type headache | 79 (60%) | 30 (67%) | 24 (55%) | 26 (59%) | |
| Migraine/tension type | 23 (18%) | 6 (13%) | 8 (19%) | 9 (21%) | |
| Chronic daily headache | 7 (5%) | 2 (4%) | 3 (7%) | 2 (5%) | |
| Cluster headache | 1 (1%) | – | 1 (2%) | – | |
| Headache duration | Years, average score ± SD | 2.8 ± 2.9 | 3.0 ± 3.1 | 2.5 ± 2.8 | 2.8 ± 2.7 |
| Headache frequency | Number of headaches per month, average number ± SD | 18.4 ± 9.4 | 18.2 ± 9.6 | 19.5 ± 8.7 | 17.7 ± 10.1 |
| Headache severity | Average score ± SD | 3.2 ± 0.6 | 3.2 ± 0.6 | 3.1 ± 0.6 | 3.1 ± 0.7 |
| RADS | Total score (anxiety and depression), average ± SD | 14.8 ± 8.3 | 15.9 ± 8.5 | 13.5 ± 8.3 | 14.9 ± 8.0 |
| Total anxiety score, average ± SD | 7.7 ± 4.8 | 8.4 ± 5.0 | 7.0 ± 4.8 | 7.8 ± 4.7 | |
| Total depression score, Average ± SD | 6.4 ± 3.6 | 6.9 ± 3.8 | 5.8 ± 3.6 | 6.5 ± 3.5 | |
| PCQ | Average score ± SD | 99.6 ± 17.4 | 95.6 ± 14.2 | 102.1 ± 19.9 | 101.4 ± 17.5 |
| CSI | Average score ± SD | 20.7 ± 14.1 | 22.5 ± 12.4 | 19.7 ± 16.6 | 19.6 ± 13.3 |
Full analysis set of all randomised children into the study