. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 20.

Published in final edited form as: J Health Soc Behav. 2010 Dec;51(4):478–496. doi: 10.1177/0022146510386796

Table 3.

Negative Binomial Regression: Chronic Conditions Regressed on Educational Attainment, Academic Performance, Personality, and Psychological Well-being; Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, 1957–2003/2005^a

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5	Model 6
Educational Attainment (reference = high school degree)
Associate’s degree	−.0288	−.0260	−.0314	−.0253	−.0229	−.0283
	(.0405)	(.0408)	(.0406)	(.0407)	(.0409)	(.0409)
Bachelor’s degree	−.0612^*	−.0604^*	−.0607^*	−.0448	−.0434	−.0444
	(.0286)	(.0290)	(.0287)	(.0297)	(.0299)	(.0297)
Master’s degree	−.0310	−.0330	−.0272	−.0099	−.01 15	−.0071
	(.0367)	(.0373)	(.0369)	(.0380)	(.0385)	(.0382)
Doctoral/Professional degree	−.0558	−.0567	−.0443	−.0336	−.0336	−.0237
	(.0629)	(.0634)	(.0631)	(.0637)	(.0641)	(.0639)
Academic Performance
High School Rank (reference = quartile 1 category)
Quartile 2 Category				−.0144	−.0146	−.0164
				(.0299)	(.0299)	(.0298)
Quartile 3 Category				−.0392	−.0406	−.0387
				(.0315)	(.03 15)	(.0315)
Quartile 4 Category				−.0969^**	−.0984^**	−.0937^**
				(.0365)	(.0367)	(.0365)
Outstanding student				.0133	.01 18	.0121
				(.0320)	(.0320)	(.0320)
Studies interesting (reference = No special influence)				−.0118	−.0111	−.0114
				(.0230)	(.0230)	(.0231)
Studies not interesting				−.0294	−.0307	−.0237
				(.0342)	(.0342)	(.0343)
Personality
Conscientiousness		.0046			.0055
		(.0043)			(.0043)
Extraversion		.0020			.0016
		(.0019)			(.0019)
Agreeableness		−.0001			.0003
		(.0022)			(.0022)
Neuroticism		.0045^*			.0046^*
		(.0021)			(.0021)
Openness		.0005			.0005
		(.0022)			(.0022)
Psychological Well-being
Autonomy			.0019			.0017
			(.0021)			(.0021)
Environmental mastery			.0030			.0032
			(.0028)			(.0028)
Personal growth			.0040^†			.0039^†
			(.0024)			(.0024)
Positive relations with others			.0052^*			.0049^*
			(.0024)			(.0024)
Purpose in life			−.0047^†			−.0044^†
			(.0027)			(.0027)
Self-acceptance			−.0048^†			−.0045^†
			(.0025)			(.0025)
Log-likelihood	−8,088.7192	−8,085.5726	−8,081.5541	−8,083.6419	−8,080.3904	−8,076.9873
LR chi²(df)	2,042.3 1 (27)	2,048.61(32)	2,056.64(32)	2,052.47(33)	2,058.97(37)	2,065.78(39)
Probability > chi²	.0000	.0000	.0000	.0000	.0000	.0000
Pseudo R²	.1 121	.1 124	.1 129	.1127	.1130	.1134

^†

p< .10

p < .05

^**

p < .01

^***

p< .001

Note:

All models control for baseline health measures from 1992 (chronic conditions and physical symptom severity),childhood IQ, parental SES,childhood health, and demographics. Standard errors in parentheses. N = 4,753 for all six models.