Table 1:
Demographic information for the treatment and natural history control groups including age, time post onset in months (MPO); aphasia severity as demonstrated by baseline Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (WAB-R) aphasia quotient (AQ); overall cognitive severity as demonstrated by baseline Cognitive Linguistic Quick Test Composite Severity (CLQT-CS); aphasia type (Type); accuracy on the naming screener at baseline (BL Nam.) (Full = 180 items); and presence of apraxia of speech (AOS) based on the Screen for Dysarthria and Apraxia of Speech (S-DAOS) (Dabul, 2000). When participants did not produce sufficient verbal output to validly screen for AOS, it was rated as “undetermined.” Treatment (T1, T2) and generalization (G1, G2) effect sizes (ES) for each half-category were calculated by subtracting the pre-treatment average score from the post-treatment average score and dividing that value by the pre-treatment standard deviation (Beeson & Robey, 2006). Participants were classified as Responders (R) or Nonresponders (NR) post-hoc based on their treatment (Tx) response (i.e., ES in at least one trained category ≥ “small,” or 4.0). Average accuracy at pre- and post-treatment on trained and untrained categories is also presented. Aphasia Type abbreviations: A=Anomic; B=Broca’s; C=Conduction; W=Wemicke’s; TCM=Transcortical Motor; G=Global; AOS abbreviations: AB=Absent; PR=Present; UN=Undetermined
| TREATMENT GROUP | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ID | Age | MPO | WAR AQ |
CLQT CS |
Type | AOS | BL Nam. |
T1 ES |
T2 ES |
Tx Resp. |
G1 ES |
G2 ES |
Avg. Trained |
Avg. Untrained |
||
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | |||||||||||||
| BU01 | 55 | 12 | 87 | 90 | A | AB | 58.3 | 3 | 20.2*** | R | 4 | 9 | 39 | 94 | 55 | 86 |
| BU02 | 50 | 29 | 25 | 50 | G | UN | 1 | 0 | 0 | NR | 0 | −0.6 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 |
| BU03 | 63 | 62 | 52 | 55 | C | PR | 18 | 10** | 9** | R | 0 | 1 | 14 | 44 | 18 | 20 |
| BU04 | 79 | 13 | 74 | 80 | C | AB | 68 | 4* | 13*** | R | 1 | 1 | 50 | 100 | 77 | 83 |
| BU05 | 67 | 10 | 31 | 50 | W | AB | 6 | −1 | −2 | NR | −1 | −1 | 10 | 4 | 7 | 1 |
| BU06 | 49 | 113 | 67 | 80 | B | PR | 56 | 3 | 9** | R | 1 | 0 | 56 | 90 | 72 | 73 |
| BU07 | 55 | 137 | 48 | 60 | B | AB | 14 | 2 | 6* | R | 1 | 1 | 25 | 44 | 13 | 19 |
| BU08 | 49 | 57 | 83 | 100 | A | PR | 69 | 3 | 4* | R | 1 | 1 | 72 | 100 | 65 | 70 |
| BU09 | 71 | 37 | 95 | 95 | A | AB | 59 | 7** | 11*** | R | −1 | 1 | 41 | 87 | 51 | 45 |
| BU10 | 53 | 12 | 80 | 80 | A | AB | 65 | 17*** | 3 | R | 7 | 4 | 60 | 93 | 62 | 82 |
| BU11 | 78 | 22 | 92 | 75 | A | AB | 34 | 1 | 3 | NR | 1 | 1 | 38 | 57 | 22 | 29 |
| BU12 | 68 | 104 | 40 | 60 | B | PR | 3 | 1 | 1 | NR | 1 | 1 | 4 | 11 | 6 | 8 |
| BU13 | 42 | 18 | 93 | 95 | A | AB | 57 | 7* | 15.0*** | R | 2 | 3 | 47 | 99 | 47 | 70 |
| BU14 | 64 | 24 | 64 | 80 | B | AB | 41 | 8** | 9** | R | 6 | 10 | 35 | 85 | 40 | 71 |
| BU15 | 71 | 74 | 87 | 60 | A | AB | 57 | 6* | 1 | R | 2 | 1.1 | 44 | 60 | 38 | 52 |
| BU16 | 50 | 71 | 34 | 70 | B | UN | 5 | 2 | 2 | NR | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 5 |
| BU17 | 61 | 152 | 74 | 90 | A | AB | 52 | 9** | 15*** | R | 4 | 1 | 51 | 99 | 48 | 70 |
| BU18 | 70 | 152 | 78 | 85 | A | AB | 48 | 6* | 5* | R | 2 | 0 | 54 | 92 | 49 | 52 |
| BU19 | 80 | 22 | 29 | 70 | B | PR | 7 | 4 | 7* | R | 0 | 0 | 13 | 30 | 6 | 6 |
| BU20 | 48 | 14 | 13 | 45 | B | PR | 0 | 4 | 7* | R | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 0 |
| BU21 | 65 | 16 | 12 | 45 | B | PR | 0 | 1 | 3 | NR | 0 | −1 | 0 | 21 | 1 | 0 |
| BU22 | 62 | 12 | 65 | 45 | TCM | AB | 7 | 5* | 2 | R | −1 | −1 | 5 | 15 | 7 | 5 |
| BU23 | 60 | 24 | 45 | 45 | W | AB | 5 | 0 | 1 | NR | −1 | 2 | 6 | 9 | 5 | 7 |
| BU24 | 69 | 169 | 40 | 70 | B | PR | 7 | 2 | 2 | NR | −1 | 1 | 7 | 20 | 5 | 2 |
| BU25 | 76 | 33 | 38 | 55 | B | AB | 2 | 2 | −1 | NR | 0 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 2 |
| BU26 | 64 | 115 | 58 | 30 | B | AB | 21 | 4 | 3 | NR | 1 | 0 | 27 | 41 | 14 | 17 |
| BU27 | 65 | 17 | 84 | 75 | A | AB | 51 | 7* | 2 | R | 1 | −1 | 51 | 80 | 51 | 57 |
| Mean | 62 | 56 | 59 | 68 | 28 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 28 | 53 | 28 | 35 | |||
| SD | 10 | 52 | 26 | 19 | 26 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 23 | 37 | 26 | 32 | |||
| Range | 42- 80 |
10- 169 |
12- 95 |
30- 100 |
0- 69 |
−.1- 17 |
−2- 20 |
−1- 7 |
−1- 10 |
0- 72 |
4- 100 |
0- 77 |
0- 86 |
|||
| NATURAL HISTORY CONTROL GROUP | ||||||||||||||||
| BUc01 | 49 | 49 | 86 | 75 | A | PR | 69 | −1 | −1 | NR | 1 | −0 | 69 | 66 | 60 | 63 |
| BUc02 | 79 | 10 | 32 | 70 | B | PR | 7 | 1 | 1 | NR | 1 | 0 | 11 | 15 | 4 | 5 |
| BUc05 | 49 | 67 | 32 | 75 | B | UN | 5 | −0 | −2 | NR | 1 | −1 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| BUc06 | 69 | 164 | 39 | 75 | B | PR | 6 | 2 | −2 | NR | 1 | 0 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 5 |
| BUc07 | 39 | 18 | 71 | 70 | C | PR | 47 | 1 | 1 | NR | −2 | −1 | 41 | 50 | 58 | 49 |
| BUc08 | 64 | 13 | 70 | 0 | A | AB | 46 | 0 | 1 | NR | −0 | 2 | 46 | 51 | 47 | 55 |
| BUc09 | 62 | 21 | 92 | 75 | A | AB | 59 | 6 | −2 | R | 3 | 1 | 26 | 55 | 69 | 82 |
| BUc10 | 68 | 21 | 79 | 90 | A | AB | 42 | −2 | −0 | NR | 1 | −2 | 37 | 32 | 45 | 45 |
| BUc11 | 58 | 23 | 62 | 50 | B | PR | 12 | 0 | 6 | R | 0 | 4 | 10 | 25 | 20 | 20 |
| BUc12 | 53 | 467 | 91 | 100 | A | AB | 72 | 2 | 2 | NR | 2 | 0 | 54 | 66 | 74 | 78 |
| Mean | 59 | 85 | 66 | 68 | 36 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 31 | 37 | 38 | 40 | |||
| SD | 12 | 142 | 24 | 27 | 27 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 22 | 24 | 29 | 31 | |||
| Range | 39- 79 |
10- 467 |
32- 92 |
0- 100 |
5- 72 |
−2- 6 |
−2- −6 |
−2- 3 |
−2- 4 |
7- 69 |
.9- 66 |
2- 74 |
2- 82 |
|||
Note: Treatment effect sizes (ESs) were classified using benchmarks established Robey and Beeson (Beeson & Robey, 2006):
small effect = 4.0-6.9;
medium effect = 7.0-10.0;
large effect = 10.1 + Generalization effect sizes greater than 2.0 (bold) were classified as “meaningful” as they are half the magnitude of a small effect for trained items.