Table 2.
Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of skin secretions containing frog skin-derived antimicrobial peptides against amphibian bacterial pathogens.
| Pathogen | Species | Peptide Mixture | MIC | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aeromonas hydrophila | Litoria aurea | Aurein 1.1, Aurein 3.1, Aurein 3.2, Aurein, 5.2, Aurein 3.3, Aurein 2.5, Aurein 1.2, Aurein 2.1, Aurein 2.6 | ND | (141) |
| Litoria ewingii | Uperin 7.1 | ND | (141) | |
| Litoria raniformis | Aurein 3.1, Aurein 5.2, Aurein 3.2, Aurein 2.5, Aurein 2.1, Aurein 2.2, Aurein 2.3, Aurein 2.4 | ND | (141) | |
| Xenopus laevis | Magainin I, Magainin II, PGQ, CPF 1-4, XPF, LPF, PGLa | ND | (141) | |
| Citrobacter freundii | Litoria aurea | Aurein 1.1, Aurein 3.1, Aurein 3.2, Aurein, 5.2, Aurein 3.3, Aurein 2.5, Aurein 1.2, Aurein 2.1, Aurein 2.6 | 62.5 μg/ml | (141) |
| Litoria ewingii | Uperin 7.1 | ND | (141) | |
| Litoria raniformis | Aurein 3.1, Aurein 5.2, Aurein 3.2, Aurein 2.5, Aurein 2.1, Aurein 2.2, Aurein 2.3, Aurein 2.4 | 62.5 μg/ml | (141) | |
| Xenopus laevis | Magainin I, Magainin II, PGQ, CPF 1-4, XPF, LPF, PGLa | 31.25 μg/ml | (141) | |
| Chryseobacterium meningosepticum | Litoria aurea | Aurein 1.1, Aurein 3.1, Aurein 3.2, Aurein, 5.2, Aurein 3.3, Aurein 2.5, Aurein 1.2, Aurein 2.1, Aurein 2.6 | ND | (141) |
| Litoria ewingii | Uperin 7.1 | ND | (141) | |
| Litoria raniformis | Aurein 3.1, Aurein 5.2, Aurein 3.2, Aurein 2.5, Aurein 2.1, Aurein 2.2, Aurein 2.3, Aurein 2.4 | ND | (141) | |
| Xenopus laevis | Magainin I, Magainin II, PGQ, CPF 1-4, XPF, LPF, PGLa | 500 μg/ml | (141) | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | Litoria aurea | Aurein 1.1, Aurein 3.1, Aurein 3.2, Aurein, 5.2, Aurein 3.3, Aurein 2.5, Aurein 1.2, Aurein 2.1, Aurein 2.6 | 250 μg/ml | (141) |
| Litoria ewingii | Uperin 7.1 | ND | (141) | |
| Litoria raniformis | Aurein 3.1, Aurein 5.2, Aurein 3.2, Aurein 2.5, Aurein 2.1, Aurein 2.2, Aurein 2.3, Aurein 2.4 | 250 μg/ml | (141) | |
| Xenopus laevis | Magainin I, Magainin II, PGQ, CPF 1-4, XPF, LPF, PGLa | 125 μg/ml | (141) | |
| Lactococcus lactis | Litoria aurea | Aurein 1.1, Aurein 3.1, Aurein 3.2, Aurein, 5.2, Aurein 3.3, Aurein 2.5, Aurein 1.2, Aurein 2.1, Aurein 2.6 | 500 μg/ml | (141) |
| Litoria ewingii | Uperin 7.1 | ND | (141) | |
| Litoria raniformis | Aurein 3.1, Aurein 5.2, Aurein 3.2, Aurein 2.5, Aurein 2.1, Aurein 2.2, Aurein 2.3, Aurein 2.4 | 500 μg/ml | (141) | |
| Xenopus laevis | Magainin I, Magainin II, PGQ, CPF 1-4, XPF, LPF, PGLa | 500 μg/ml | (141) | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Litoria aurea | Aurein 1.1, Aurein 3.1, Aurein 3.2, Aurein, 5.2, Aurein 3.3, Aurein 2.5, Aurein 1.2, Aurein 2.1, Aurein 2.6 | 125 μg/ml | (141) |
| Litoria ewingii | Uperin 7.1 | ND | (141) | |
| Litoria raniformis | Aurein 3.1, Aurein 5.2, Aurein 3.2, Aurein 2.5, Aurein 2.1, Aurein 2.2, Aurein 2.3, Aurein 2.4 | 125 μg/ml | (141) | |
| Xenopus laevis | Magainin I, Magainin II, PGQ, CPF 1-4, XPF, LPF, PGLa | 62.5 μg/ml | (141) | |
| Proteus mirabilis | Litoria aurea | Aurein 1.1, Aurein 3.1, Aurein 3.2, Aurein, 5.2, Aurein 3.3, Aurein 2.5, Aurein 1.2, Aurein 2.1, Aurein 2.6 | ND | (141) |
| Litoria ewingii | Uperin 7.1 | ND | (141) | |
| Litoria raniformis | Aurein 3.1, Aurein 5.2, Aurein 3.2, Aurein 2.5, Aurein 2.1, Aurein 2.2, Aurein 2.3, Aurein 2.4 | ND | (141) | |
| Xenopus laevis | Magainin I, Magainin II, PGQ, CPF 1-4, XPF, LPF, PGLa | ND | (141) | |
| Serratia liquefaciens | Litoria aurea | Aurein 1.1, Aurein 3.1, Aurein 3.2, Aurein, 5.2, Aurein 3.3, Aurein 2.5, Aurein 1.2, Aurein 2.1, Aurein 2.6 | ND | (141) |
| Litoria ewingii | Uperin 7.1 | ND | (141) | |
| Litoria raniformis | Aurein 3.1, Aurein 5.2, Aurein 3.2, Aurein 2.5, Aurein 2.1, Aurein 2.2, Aurein 2.3, Aurein 2.4 | ND | (141) | |
| Xenopus laevis | Magainin I, Magainin II, PGQ, CPF 1-4, XPF, LPF, PGLa | ND | (141) |
ND indicates not determined (i.e., at the level tested, the AMP was found to have no effect on the pathogen). MIC values are reported in μM unless indicated otherwise. For peptide mixtures, the antimicrobial peptides identified through mass spectrometry are summarized.