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NIPPER PLUS participant timeline and schedule of events. D/C, discharge; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; NIPPER PLUS, Non-Invasive Positive airway Pressure therapy to Reduce Postoperative Lung complications following Upper abdominal Surgery; NIV, non-invasive ventilation; POD, postoperative day; PPC, postoperative pulmonary complication.
