Table 2.

Concentrations of fecal inflammation markers and fecal bacterial strains (mean + SD, range in brackets) in patients with Alzheimer’s dementia (n = 18) before and after 28 days of a multi-specific probiotic supplementation.

	Before	After
	Mean + SD (Range)	Mean + SD (Range)
α1-Antitrypsin [mg/g]	37.9 ± 23.7 (9.6 - 282)	44.7 ± 35.8 (6.2 - 520)
Calprotectin [mg/L]	84.7 ± 71 (2.8 - 112)	119 ± 131 (3.8 - 123)
Zonulin [µg/L]	93.1 ± 56.3 (16 - 220)	66.6 ± 54.2 (19 - 213)**
S100A12 [µg/L]	3.5 + 6.0 (0 - 23)	not available
Clostridium cluster I*	7.76 ± 1.10 (5.46 - 9.26)	7.92 ± 1.28 (5.34 - 10.2)
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii*	8.25 ± 1.47 (5.15 – 10.1)	9.04 ± 1.43 (5.83 - 10.9) ***
Akkermansia muciniphila*	8.61 ± 1.67 (6.00 – 10.9)	8.47 ± 1.85 (6.00 - 10.8)

(*RNA copy/g feces, log10; **U = 2.461, p = 0.01; ***U = 3.375, p <0.001).