Figure 6.

Sal increased the expression of ER stress markers, whereas GSK reduced that triggered by TUN. TMSCs and TM cells were incubated with 300 nM GSK or 20 μM Sal for 1 hour before exposed to TUN. mRNA levels by qPCR were normalized to untreated cells at each time point. Sal and GSK treatment without TUN did not change the expression of ER stress markers. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 3). P value was calculated by comparing TUN treatment with TUN + inhibitor treatments at each time point. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison test.