Table 1. PUPP modular intervention content.
| Modules | Fixed elements | Variable (optional) elements |
|---|---|---|
| Module 1 - Understanding Lifestyle and Pressure Ulcer Risk | Importance of lifestyle Prevention practices in daily life Personal risk profile Development of personal prevention plan |
Activity versus health; life events; exercise; nutrition and weight; smoking; alcohol/substance abuse; prevention techniques; pressure reliefs; pressure and shearing; stages of pressure ulcers; response to emerging pressure ulcers |
| Module 2 - Advocacy | Attendant care Partnering with your health-care professional Self-advocacy Fine-tuning of personal prevention plan |
Access to health care; medical treatments; medical administration issues; medical complications; selecting/managing care attendants; emotions, attitudes, and self-efficacy; decision making |
| Module 3 - Equipment and the Physical Environment | Equipment Transportation and use of environmental options Further refinement of personal prevention plan |
Personally relevant transportation options; overcoming environmental barriers; detail on specific equipment options; living situations; safety in and outside the home |
| Module 4 - Social Support | Social support Family and intimate relationships Review of current use of personal prevention plan |
Developing friendships; social networking; e-mailing; dealing with family problems; job issues; social contact and pressure ulcer risk; overcoming loneliness |
| Module 5 - Happiness and Personal Well-Being | Accomplishing a sense of well-being Relation of mental health to pressure ulcer risk Further refinement of personal prevention plan |
Coping strategies; managing pain; depression; stress; risk taking; alcohol and drugs; healthy activity; maintaining a positive outlook |
| Module 6 - Planning the Future | Successfully anticipating change Making healthy habits permanent Review of personal prevention plan |
Aging skin; finances; strategizing for continued success; personal organization skills; aging and spinal cord injury |
Note. Table used with permission from SAGE publications (Clark F, Pyatak EA, Carlson M, Blanche EI, Vigen C, Hay J, et al. Implementing trials of complex interventions in community settings: the USC-Rancho Los Amigos Pressure Ulcer Prevention Study (PUPS). Clin Trials. 2014;11(2):218–29.).