TABLE 1.
Citation | No. | Modality | Major Features | Ancillary Features |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fowler K, AJR 2013(17) | 29 cases | Dynamic phase CT and MRI | 100% APHE (14%-16% peripheral) 33%-41% washout 22%-26% capsule |
17%-35% biliary duct dilation 0% intralesional lipid 48%-74% delayed enhancement 42%-45% capsular retraction 10%-11% peripheral APHE/rim washout/delayed enhancement central |
De Campos, JMRI 2012(46) | 11 cases | Dynamic phase MRI | 100% APHE (6/11 ring) 45% washout 18% capsule |
72% delayed enhancement (or a component of it mixed with washout) 9% biliary duct dilation 27% vascular invasion |
Hwang, JMRI 2012(47) | 20 cases | Gadoxetate disodium MRI | 85% APHE (rim) | 50% target on HBP/10 minutes (complete or partial) 85% T2 hypointense area 60% irregular shape |
Willekens, World J Gastroenterol 2009(51) | 1 case | Dynamic phase MRI | APHE | Mild T2 hyperintensity |
Aoki, Hepatology 1993(44) | 20 cases | Dynamic CT | 64% (9/14) APHE (rim) 29% (4/14) confluent APHE 29% (4/14) washout |
64% (9/14) central progressive |
Sanada, Hepatology Res 2005(50) | 11 cases | Dynamic CT | 100% APHE (20% rim) 40% washout |
60% delayed enhancement |
Wells, Abdom Imaging 2015(16) | 39 cases | Dynamic CT, dynamic MRI, PET/CT, US | 100% APHE (rim 86%) 7% washout 10% capsule |
11% necrosis 3% intralesional fat 10% vascular invasion 26% capsular retraction |
Komuta, Hepatology 2012(27) | 24 cases | Dynamic MRI | APHE (rim or diffuse 54.2%) 75% washout (rim or multinodular) |
79% heterogenous signal intensity at T2 weighted imaging (central hypointensity) |
Abbreviations: PET, positron emission tomography; US, ultrasound; HBP, hepatobiliary phase