TABLE 4.
Cox regression survival analysis in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)-technically-operable who were offered surgery (operated group and declined surgery (patient choice) subgroups)
| Covariate | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
| HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | ||
| Age# | per 15 years | 1.71 (1.30–2.25) | <0.001 | ||
| WHO FC | I/II or II/IV; Ref.=I/II | 3.98 (1.25–12.65) | 0.019 | ||
| Cardiac arrhythmia | Ref.=absent | 2.16 (1.03–4.53) | 0.043 | ||
| ISWD# | per 185 m | 0.56 (0.41–0.75) | <0.001 | ||
| RAP# | per 6 mmHg | 1.57 (1.25–1.98) | <0.001 | ||
| PVR# | per 4 WU | 1.39 (1.08–1.78) | 0.009 | ||
| SvO2# | per 8% | 0.62 (0.49–0.77) | <0.001 | 0.66 (0.49–0.89) | 0.006 |
| DLCO# | per 16% | 0.56 (0.42–0.75) | <0.001 | 0.67 (0.47–0.95) | 0.025 |
| VTE | Ref.=absent | 0.62 (0.39–0.98) | 0.045 | ||
| Cancer | Ref.=absent | 1.77 (0.85–3.69) | 0.127 | ||
| Obesity | Ref.=absent | 0.55 (0.33–10.92) | 0.024 | ||
| Thyroid disorders | Ref.=absent | 1.65 (0.87–3.15) | 0.122 | ||
| CAD | Ref.=absent | 2.21 (1.24–3.94) | 0.007 | 2.34 (1.11–4.96) | 0.026 |
| CKD | Ref.=absent | 1.90 (0.82–4.38) | 0.132 | ||
| Patient choice | Ref.=surgery | 2.56 (1.57–4.16) | <0.001 | 3.64 (1.95–6.81) | <0.001 |
Data shown for univariate analysis where p<0.20; 72 variables were imported into univariate analysis. HR: hazard ratio; Ref.: reference parameter; WHO FC: World Health Organization Functional Class; ISWD: incremental shuttle walk distance; RAP: right atrial pressure; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; WU: Wood units; SvO2: mixed venous oxygen saturation; DLCO: diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; VTE: venous thromboembolism; CAD: coronary artery disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease. #: these variables are scaled so that the hazard ratio is the change by 1 sd.