. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Prev Med. 2018 Dec 12;56(2):281–287. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.08.013

Table 2.

Mean healthcare utilization and percentage of children having at least one utilization by SHS exposure.^a,b

		SHS exposure status
	N	Total	Exposed	Non-exposed	P^c
Hospital nights^d
Mean (among all)	16,860	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.003
Mean (among those with at least one night)	720	5.0	5.3	5.0	0.660
% of those with at least one night (among all)	16,860	4.4	6.6	3.9	<.0001
ER visits^d
Mean (among all)	16,860	0.3	0.4	0.3	<.0001
Mean (among those with at least one visit)	3,260	1.7	1.8	1.7	0.012
% of those with at least one visit (among all)	16,860	18.8	24.3	17.7	<.0001
Doctor visits^d
Mean (among all)	16,860	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.623
Mean (among those with at least one visit)	2,000	1.4	1.4	1.3	0.033
% of those with at least one visit (among all)	16,860	11.5	11.2	11.5	0.733

SHS: Secondhand Smoke;

ER: Emergency Room.

All estimates are weighted.

The status of SHS exposure at home for children was based on parent/guardian report.

For the two mean healthcare utilization rates, the bivariate linear regression model was used to test the difference in utilization rates between exposed and unexposed children. The Chi-square test was used to test the difference in the proportion having positive utilization between exposed and unexposed children.

Hospital nights: the number of nights in the hospital in the past 12 months; ER visits: the number of emergency room visits in the past 12 months; Doctor visits: the number of doctor visits in the past 2 weeks.