Chemical structures of DNA lesions: cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), 1,2- dGpG cisplatin, 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), monofunctional pyriplatin, 8,5′-cyclo-2′-deoxyadenosine (CydA), abasic site (AP), O2-, N3- and O4-ethylthymideine (O2-, N3, and O4-EtdT), 3-deaza-3-methoxynaphtylethyl-adenosine (3d-Napht-dA), and non-covalent DNA binders Pyrrole-imidazole (Py-Im) polyamides. The DNA lesion is highlighted in red.