Table 1.

Characteristics of Study Participants

	Normal Saline (N=53)		Lactated Ringer’s (N=41)
Age, median (IQR)	39 (25, 45)		29 (22, 41)
IV Fluid Volume Administered, mean (SD)	1921 (252)		1954 (237)
Calculated GFR, median (IQR)	84 (72, 91)		90 (81, 91)
	N	%	N	%
Female	34	64.2	24	58.4
Race
African American	7	13.2	2	4.9
Asian	0	0.0	3	7.3
Caucasian	45	84.9	34	82.9
Other	1	1.9	2	4.9
ED Chief Complaint
Abdominal Pain	28	52.8	15	36.6
Diarrhea	1	1.9	2	4.9
Dizziness	3	5.7	4	9.8
Fever	2	3.8	2	4.9
Flank Pain	6	11.3	4	9.8
General Illness	1	1.9	0	0.0
Headache	3	5.7	5	12.2
Vomiting or Emesis	7	13.2	7	17.1
Other	2	3.8	2	4.9
Prehospital Medications	5	9.4	6	14.6
ED Medications before Pre-Survey
Opiates	10	18.9	12	29.3
NSAIDs	6	11.3	4	9.8
Anti-emetics	14	26.4	11	26.8
Benzodiazepines	0	0.0	1	2.4
None	35	66.0	25	61.0
ED Medications following Pre-Survey
Opiates	19	35.9	16	39.0
NSAIDs	12	22.6	11	26.8
Anti-emetics	26	49.1	17	41.4
Benzodiazepines	0	0.0	1	2.4
None	17	32.1	13	31.7
ED Disposition
Discharged from ED	44	83.0	37	90.2
Admitted to Inpatient Floor	5	9.4	2	4.9
Admitted for Observation	4	7.6	1	2.4
Other	0	0.0	1	2.4
Co-morbidities
Chronic Kidney Disease	0	0.0	1	2.4
Congestive Heart Failure	0	0.0	0	0.0
Diabetes	7	13.2	0	0.0
Chronic Gastrointestinal Disease	11	20.8	3	7.3
Migraine History	7	13.2	6	46.2
Psychiatric Disorder	24	45.3	8	19.5
Urine Specific Gravity
Not Measured	21	55.3	19	46.3
< 1.000	2	3.8	1	2.4
1.000 – 1.030	26	49.1	19	46.3
>1.030	4	7.8	2	4.9
BUN/Cr Ratio
< 10	17	32.1	17	41.5
10 – 20	31	58.5	21	51.2
>20	5	9.4	3	7.3
ED Discharge Diagnoses
Abdominal Pain/Disease	13	31.7	15	28.3
Fever	3	5.7	1	2.4
Flank Pain/Disease	10	18.9	4	9.8
Headache or Migraine	4	7.6	5	12.2
Nausea, Vomiting, or Diarrhea	7	13.2	6	14.6
Syncope	0	0.0	3	7.3
Urinary Tract Infection	1	1.9	1	2.4
Viral Syndrome	2	3.8	1	2.4
Other	11	20.8	7	17.1
Any GI (Abdominal Pain or Nausea, Vomiting, or Diarrhea)	19	46.3	22	53.7

SD= Standard Deviation; BUN/Cr = Blood Urea Nitrogen/Creatinine Ratio