Table 2.
General health system characteristics, WHO UHC domains,a and relevant data sources
| Building blocks | Indicators/metrics | Data sources | Essential elements |
|---|---|---|---|
| Country profile | Total population (millions) Annual population growth rate (%) Literacy rate among adults 15 years of age and older (%) Gross national income per capita (PPP int. $) Population living on <$1 (PPP int. $) per day (%) Cellular phone subscribers (per 100 population) |
Literature reviews | |
| Health service delivery | Description of health care system: public/private health insurance funded by national taxation/income contributions covering all/a proportion of the population. Recording of ratio of public/private MDs, renal care centers and/or HD centers | Literature reviews Surveys Interviews |
Comprehensiveness Accessibility Coverage Quality Coordination Efficiency Accountability |
| Health work force | Density of physicians (per 10,000 population) Density of nursing and midwifery personnel (per 10,000 population) Density of pharmaceutical personnel (per 10,000 population) |
Literature reviews Surveys Interviews WHO Global Observatory |
Reach and distribution Accessibility |
| Health information systems | Literature reviews Surveys Interviews |
Reach Scope |
|
| Essential medicines and technologies | Hospitals (per 100,000 population) Computed tomography units (per million population) Median availability of selected generic medicines in public and private sectors (%) Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicines in public and private sectors |
Literature reviews Surveys Interviews WHO Global Observatory |
|
| Health financing | Total expenditure on health as a percentage of GDP General government expenditure on health as a percentage of total expenditure on health Private expenditure on health as a percentage of total expenditure on health General government expenditure on health as a percentage of total government expenditure Out-of-pocket expenditure as a percentage of private expenditure on health Private prepaid plans as a percentage of private expenditure on health |
Literature reviews WHO Global Observatory Database |
|
| Leadership and governance (national policies and frameworks) | National chronic/noncommunicable disease policy, overarching disease policy targeting long-term conditions including CVD, diabetes, cancer, CKD, etc. (where it exists). | Literature reviews Surveys Interviews WHO Global Observatory WHO NCD strategy |
CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; GDP, gross domestic product; HD, hemodialysis; PPP, purchasing power parity; UHC, universal health coverage, NCD, noncommunicable disease; OECD, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
a
WHO UHC domains (service delivery, health work force, information systems, medicines and medical products, financing, and leadership).