Table 3.

Kidney care–specific elements based on WHO UHC domains^a and relevant data sources

Building blocks	Indicators/metrics	Data sources	Essential elements
Health service delivery	Number of health facilities for general CKD care RRT services (e.g., number of health facilities offering HD services per country) Public and private Nondialysis CKD care structure RRT care structure	Literature reviews Surveys Interviews	Accessibility of dialysis and kidney transplant units to all within the countries Access to medications Reimbursement of treatment and care Kidney transplant wait list Access to psychosocial counseling and support Existence of patient organizations in each country to facilitate advocacy
Health work force	No. of nephrologists (per million population) No. of general physicians (per million population) No. of community health workers (per million population) No. of nurses (per million population) Regional distribution Nephrology trainees/graduates per year Availability of MDT	Literature reviews Surveys Interviews WHO Global Observatory	Professionals (GPs, nephrologists, diabetologists, endocrinologists, cardiologists, other related disciplines): total and as a ratio to whole population/ or dialysis population Financial resources, remuneration and incentives (including those for GPs/specialists to identify and manage CKD patients) Presence of other credentialed health care providers (e.g., nephrology nurses, dietitians)
Health information systems	CKD (nondialysis) registry RRT registry	Literature reviews Surveys Interviews	Reach Scope
Essential medicines and technologies	ACEIs/ARBs Statins Aspirin Other BP medications Anemia meds (Epo/iron) CKD-MBD (calcium binders, renagel, cinacalcet) Specific (GN and transplant) Dialysis availability, access, and coverage Transplant availability, access, and coverage	Literature reviews Surveys Interviews WHO Global Observatory (for some essential medicines)
Health financing	Total expenditure on health for CKD Public + private contributions Out-of-pocket payments for essential medicines Out-of-pocket payments for nondialysis CKD care Out-of-pocket payments for dialysis Out-of-pocket payments for transplant	Literature reviews Surveys Interviews WHO Global Observatory
Leadership and governance (national policies and frameworks)	Guidelines/frameworks on CKD care Advocacy efforts and initiatives Early detection and prevention programs eGFR reporting	Literature reviews Surveys Interviews WHO Global Observatory WHO NCD Strategy

ACEIs/ARBs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers; BP, blood pressure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Epo, erythropoietin; GN, glomerulonephritis; GPs, general practitioners; HD, hemodialysis; MDT, multidisciplinary team; MBD; mineral bone disorder; NCD, noncommunicable disease; RRT, renal replacement therapy; UHC, universal health care.

^aWHO UHC domains (service delivery, health work force, information systems, medicines and medical products, financing, and leadership).