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. 2019 Jan 21;9:244. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36338-8

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Ginger expands the Caudal Vein Plexus (CVP). (A) Ginger increases or rescues the CVP sinusoids in tg(fli1:GFP) WT siblings or plcg1^−/− mutant embryos respectively (2 dpf). Yellow arrows show enlarged CVP with big sinusoid. White arrow indicates dorsal aorta and pink arrow cardinal vein. (B) Bmp is necessary for the effect of ginger on the CVP in tg(fli1:GFP) WT siblings and plcg1^−/− mutant embryos (2 dpf). Vertical red bar represents the width of CVP. (C) Inhibition of Notch compromised the effect of ginger on the developing CVP at the sinusoidal level (1 dpf). Yellow arrows show enlarged CVP with big sinusoid. (D) runx1 and scl are ectopically expressed in the CVP/CHT area following ginger treatment. (E,F) Bmp7a/bmp2b expression (E) and notch3 expression (F), are highly promoted by ginger in the CVP/CHT of WT and plcg1^−/−mutant embryos. Red arrow indicates high expression in CVP/CHT (E,F). Pictures are the representative images of ≥30 embryos per condition. Red box indicates the CHT region. Scale bars = 250 μm.