Table 1.
The effects of ginger supplementation on pregnancy‐induced nausea and vomiting
| Study ID and date of publication | Type of article | Intervention (ginger dose per day) | Comparator | Duration | Main results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thomson et al. (2014) | Meta‐analysis (6 studies 1991–2009) (Basirat, Moghadamnia, Kashifard, & Sarifi‐Razavi, 2009; Fischer‐Rasmussen, Kjær, Dahl, & Asping, 1991; Keating & Chez, 2002; Ozgoli, Goli, & Simbar, 2009; Smith, Crowther, Willson, Hotham, & McMillian, 2004; Vutyavanich, Kraisarin, & Ruangsri, 2001) |
(<1000 mg daily) 250 mg powder (4×) or 4 times/day (3 studies) 350 mg. 3 times/day 250 mg ginger syr. 4 times/day 500 mg ginger biscuit, five times/day (~2500 mg/day) |
Placebo | (4 days–3 weeks) | Ginger was better than placebo in improving nausea when given at a dose of <1000 mg/day for at least 4 days |
| Viljoen et al. (2014) |
Meta‐analysis of 12 studies (1991–2011) 6 additional studies (Chittumma, Kaewkiattikun, & Wiriyasiriwach, 2007; Dante, Pedrielli, Annessi, & Facchinetti, 2013; Ensiyeh & Sakineh, 2009; Mohammadbeigi, Shahgeibi, Soufizadeh, Rezaiie, & Farhadifar, 2011; Pongrojpaw, Somprasit, & Chanthasenanont, 2007; Sripramote & Lekhyananda, 2003) to Thomson et al. (Thomson et al., 2014). Contains reviews by Dante et al. (2013), Ding, Leach, & Bradley (2013) |
125 mg extract (4×) /day~1000 mg/day | Placebo | 4 days | Ginger was more effective than placebo for reducing nausea and retching. No differences in vomiting |
| 200 mg essence (3 × )/day ~600 mg/d | Metoclopramide and placebo | 5 days | The effects of ginger were not significantly different from metoclopramide | ||
| 500 mg powder (2 × )/day~1000 mg/day | Dimenhydrinate | 7 days | Ginger to be just as effective as dimenhydrinate, with fewer side effects | ||
| 325 mg powder (2×) 3 times/day ~1950 mg/day] | Vitamin B6 | 4 days | Ginger improved nausea and vomiting symptoms significantly more than B6 | ||
| 500 mg powder (2×) /day~1000 mg/day | 4 days | More effective than B6 for relieving of nausea, equally effective for reduction of vomiting | |||
| 500 mg powder (3×) /day~1500 mg/day | 3 days | No difference between the two groups | |||
| Saberi et al. (2014) | RCT | 250 mg ginger capsules three capsules per day | Placebo and control group | 7 days (4 days intervention) | Ginger was effective for the relief of mild to moderate nausea and vomiting |
| Firouzbakht et al. (2014) | RCT | Ginger capsule (Zintoma, 250 mg) one capsule each 6 h~1 g ginger/day | Vitamin B6 and placebo |
Treatment for 4 days followed 1 week |
Ginger is as effective as B6 in reducing gestational nausea and vomiting |
| Haji Seid Javadi et al. (2013) | RCT | 250 mg ginger capsules (4× daily) | 40 mg vitamin B6 capsules (2× daily) | 4 days | Ginger was equivalent to vitamin B6 for nausea reduction |