Table 2.

Descriptions of 5 GCMs used in this study.

Model name	Institute acronyms	Institute full name
GFDL-ESM2M	NOAA GFDL	NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
HadGEM2-ES	MOHC (additional realizations by INPE)	Met Office Hadley Centre and Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
IPSL-CM5A-LR	IPSL	Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace
MIROC-ESM-CHEM	MIROC	Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (The University of Tokyo), and National Institute for Environmental Studies
NorESM1-M	NCC	Norwegian Climate Centre