Table 5.
Between‐hospital differences (total difference minus within‐hospital difference) in HCAHPS top‐box scored composite measures by preferred language within racial/ethnic group (N = 5 480 308)
| Racial/ethnic group | Preferred language | Nurse communication | Doctor communication | Hospital staff responsiveness | Communication about medication | Discharge information | Care coordination | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Est | P | Est | P | Est | P | Est | P | Est | P | Est | P | ||
| White | English | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA |
| White | Spanish | − 4.5 | *** | − 3.3 | *** | − 5.3 | *** | − 3.0 | *** | − 2.8 | *** | − 4.5 | *** |
| White | Russian | − 3.7 | *** | − 2.4 | *** | − 4.8 | *** | − 3.3 | *** | − 2.6 | *** | − 2.6 | *** |
| White | Portuguese | − 2.5 | *** | − 1.7 | ** | − 4.1 | *** | − 2.8 | *** | − 1.2 | *** | − 2.6 | *** |
| White | Other language | − 2.2 | *** | − 1.7 | *** | − 2.9 | *** | − 1.9 | *** | − 1.3 | *** | − 2.1 | *** |
| Joint test of language within r/e group | NA | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | ||||||
| Black | English | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA |
| Black | Spanish | − 1.7 | *** | −1.1 | − 2.3 | ** | −1.6 | −1.3 | −1.2 | ||||
| Black | Other language | − 1.9 | *** | − 1.5 | *** | − 2.5 | *** | − 1.7 | ** | −1.0 | −1.3 | ||
| Joint test of language within r/e group | NA | *** | *** | *** | *** | ||||||||
| Hispanic | English | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA |
| Hispanic | Spanish | − 1.2 | *** | − 0.6 | *** | − 1.8 | *** | − 1.1 | *** | − 1.0 | *** | − 1.7 | *** |
| Hispanic | Portuguese | −0.6 | −0.3 | − 1.7 | * | − 1.9 | ** | −1.0 | 0.3 | * | |||
| Hispanic | Other language | −0.1 | −0.1 | −0.5 | −0.2 | − 0.0 a | − 2.8 | *** | |||||
| Joint test of language within r/e group | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | |||||||
| API | English | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA |
| API | Chinese | − 3.3 | *** | − 2.4 | *** | − 3.0 | *** | − 2.6 | *** | − 1.0 | *** | − 3.0 | *** |
| API | Vietnamese | − 0.8 | ** | −0.7 | − 0.8 | ** | −0.9 | − 0.2 | * | −0.7 | |||
| API | Other language | − 1.0 | *** | − 0.9 | *** | − 1.6 | *** | − 1.0 | *** | 0.1 | − 2.4 | *** | |
| Joint test of language within r/e group | NA | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | ||||||
| AI/AN | English | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA |
| AI/AN | Other language | −0.4 | −0.9 | −0.3 | 0.5 | 0.1 | − 2.9 | ** | |||||
| ** | |||||||||||||
a‐0.1 < x < 0.0; Est, estimate. Bold font is used to highlight statistically significant positive coefficients >3. Italics is used to highlight statistically significant positive coefficients <3. Underlining is used to highlight statistically significant negative coefficients <3. Bold font and underlining is used to highlight statistically significant negative coefficients >3.
*P < 0.5. **P < 0.01. ***P < 0.001.