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In vitro CXCL4 treatment induced macrophage production of pro-inflammatory M1 markers. (A) CXCL4 treatment (5 µg/mL for 4 h) significantly up-regulated all pro-inflammatory M1 markers examined and M4 marker Tnfα, and down-regulated M4 marker Mmp8. n = 6/group. *P < 0.05 vs. negative control. Paired t-test was used. (B) Day 5 post-MI macrophages in saline and CXCL4 groups exhibited comparable expression of M1 and M4 markers. n = 6/group. Unpaired t-test was used.
