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. 2019 Jan 8;2019:7865359. doi: 10.1155/2019/7865359

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Effects of oleander extracts on intracellular antioxidant protection and systemic oxidative stress in T1D. Consecutive 20 days of treatment of alloxanized mice (glucose >200 mg/dL) with oleander stem (NOSE) and root (NORE) extracts increased the (a) catalase and (b) peroxidase activities in the primary hyperglycaemia-associated tissue of the liver, kidneys, and skeletal muscle. (c) The improved systemic antioxidant defences and lowered intracellular oxidative stress were highlighted by lowered lipid peroxidation (MDA). ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗ P < 0.05, and NS P > 0.05 compared to control. α P < 0.001, β P < 0.01, γ P < 0.05, and δ P > 0.05 compared to T1D.