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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Nephrol. 2018 Dec 13;49(1):20–31. doi: 10.1159/000495353

Table 2.

Annual rates of opioid quantity, days supply and MME among hemodialysis patients (N=484,745)*

Quantity Days Supply MME

2007 2011 2014 2007 2011 2014 2007 2011 2014
Age (years)
   18–35 67.0 79.7 66.8 17.8 21.4 18.6 1082.1 1168.6 1020.0
   36–50 83.3 99.1 83.0 22.5 27.0 23.5 1310.5 1415.3 1235.3
   51–65 66.8 79.5 66.5 18.2 21.8 19.0 933.8 1008.5 880.2
   ≥66 43.0 51.2 42.9 12.4 14.8 12.9 529.0 571.3 498.7

Sex
   Female 65.2 78.1 66.6 18.5 22.0 19.5 896.5 973.2 871.4
   Male 57.8 69.3 59.1 15.8 18.8 16.6 851.2 924.1 827.4

Race
   Black 64.6 74.1 65.5 18.5 20.9 19.0 908.6 889.5 960.6
   White 65.6 75.3 66.6 18.0 20.4 18.5 973.7 953.3 1029.5
   Native American/Asian 33.5 38.4 34.0 9.6 10.9 9.9 394.0 385.7 416.6
   Other/Unknown 51.3 58.9 52.1 14.0 15.9 14.4 821.1 803.9 868.2

Ethnicity
   Hispanic 42.5 53.1 45.1 11.7 14.4 12.6 494.3 565.2 485.7
   Non-Hispanic 62.3 77.9 66.1 17.5 21.6 18.9 903.8 1033.4 888.1
   Other/Unknown 79.4 99.3 84.2 22.4 27.7 24.3 1252.9 1432.5 1231.0

Dual Eligible
   Non-Eligible 46.4 56.2 48.4 12.7 15.4 13.7 637.4 695.6 631.4
   Dual-Eligible 72.1 87.3 75.1 20.1 24.3 21.7 1046.8 1142.4 1037.0

Employment
   Unemployed 68.8 80.2 67.5 19.0 22.2 19.4 1012.5 1059.2 933.4
   Full or Part-time 47.9 55.8 47.0 13.0 15.2 13.3 649.0 678.9 598.3
   Retired 44.6 52.0 43.8 12.7 14.8 12.9 558.8 584.5 515.1
   Retired Disabled 81.9 95.5 80.4 22.3 26.1 22.8 1238.6 1295.7 1141.8
   Other 58.3 68.0 57.3 16.3 19.0 16.6 809.5 846.8 746.2

Diabetes
   No diabetes 60.3 71.2 60.6 16.9 19.9 17.5 890.6 958.6 859.8
   Diabetes 64.1 75.7 64.4 17.7 20.8 18.3 871.9 938.4 841.8

Cause of ESRD
   Diabetes 62.4 74.7 63.8 17.2 20.5 18.1 835.3 913.9 821.8
   Hypertension 55.1 66.0 56.3 15.7 18.7 16.6 751.4 822.2 739.3
   Other 68.1 81.6 69.6 18.7 22.2 19.6 1111.1 1215.8 1093.3

U.S. Geographic Region
   New England 60.7 71.4 62.2 16.3 19.1 17.3 1088.3 1168.0 1069.7
   Mideast 47.9 56.3 49.0 13.7 16.1 14.5 840.3 901.8 826.0
   Great Lakes 74.1 87.1 75.8 20.7 24.3 21.9 1075.3 1153.9 1056.9
   Plains 71.0 83.5 72.7 18.7 22.0 19.8 989.8 1062.2 972.9
   Southeast 63.9 75.2 65.4 18.5 21.8 19.6 876.6 940.8 861.6
   Southwest 59.5 70.0 60.9 15.8 18.6 16.7 696.8 747.8 684.9
   Rocky Mountain 78.4 92.3 80.3 20.7 24.3 21.9 1187.2 1274.1 1166.9
   Far West 59.5 70.0 60.9 15.5 18.2 16.4 817.4 877.3 803.5
*

rates presented per 100 person-days observed

all 2011 vs. 2007 and 2014 vs. 2011 comparsions statistically significatly different based on 95% CI