Fig. 1.

Chronic stress induces autophagy in spleens. We subjected BALB/c male mice aged 6–8-week to physical stress. a After stress of the indicated time periods, spleens were harvested. Levels of Beclin 1, LC3, and p62 were determined by Western blot analysis. N = 5 per group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared with indicated groups. b After 12 h of stress, mouse spleens were harvested and fixed in 4% buffered formalin. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (100 ×). IHC was performed on adjacent sections with anti-Beclin 1, anti-LC3, anti-p62 Abs and hematoxylin was used as a counterstain (100×). The data are representative of three independent experiments