Table 1.
Resistance of Escherichia coli isolates originating from faecal samples of healthy cattle and swine and clinical submissions collected from 2010 to 2015 in Estonia
| Antimicrobial | Cut-off values for resistance (mg/L)* | Healthy animals | Diagnostic submissions | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dairy cattle (n = 171) | Swine (n = 120) | Dairy cattle (n = 63) | Swine (n = 143) | ||||||
| % | (95% CI) | % | (95% CI) | % | 95% CI | % | 95% | ||
| Ampicillin*H | > 8 | 3.5 | (0.8 to 6.3) | 21.5 | (14.3 to 29.1) | 58.7 | (46.5 to 70.9) | 53.9 | (45.7 to 62.1) |
| Cephotaxime | > 0.5 | 1.2 | (− 0.4 to 2.8) | 2.5 | (− 0.3 to 5.3) | 7.9 | (1.2 to 14.6) | 4.2 | (0.9 to 7.5) |
| Cephazidime | > 0.5 | 2.9 | (0.4 to 5.4) | 3.3 | (0.1 to 6.5) | 7.9 | (1.2 to 14.6) | 7.7 | (3.3 to 12.1) |
| Streptomycin*H | > 16 | 7.0 | (3.2 to 10.8) | 39.2 | (30.5 to 40.8) | 63.5 | (51.6 to 6.4) | 54.6 | (46.4 to 62.8) |
| Gentamycin*D | > 4 | 7.0 | (3.2 to 10.8) | 12.5 | (6.6 to 18.4) | 20.6 | (10.6 to 30.6) | 5.6 | (1.8 to 9.4) |
| Kanamycin | > 16 | 8.8 | (4.6 to 13.1) | 10.0 | (4.6 to 15.4) | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA |
| Ciprofloxacin*H | > 0.06 | 0.6 | (− 0.6 to 1.8) | 5.8 | (1.6 to 10.0) | 38.1 | (26.1 to 50.1) | 32.2 | (24.5 to 39.9) |
| Nalidixic acid*D | > 16 | 0.6 | (− 0.6 to 1.8) | 3.3 | (0.1 to 6.5) | 17.5 | (8.1 to 26.9) | 32.2 | (24.5 to 39.9) |
| Tetracycline*H | > 8 | 7.0 | (3.2 to 10.8) | 32.5 | (24.1 to 40.9) | 58.5 | (46.3 to 70.7) | 60.2 | (52.2 to 68.3) |
| Colistin*H | > 2 | 2.4 | (0.1 to 4.7) | 11.6 | (5.9 to 17.3) | 3.2 | (− 1.6 to 7.6) | 5.6 | (1.8 to 9.4) |
| Chloramphenicol | > 16 | 2.4 | (0.1 to 4.7) | 5.8 | (1.6 to 10.0) | 9.5 | (2.3 to 16.7) | 18.2 | (11.9 to 24.5) |
| Florfenicol | > 16 | 0.0 | NA | 0.8 | (− 0.8 to 2.4) | 0.0 | NA | 0.7 | (− 0.7 to 2.1) |
| Trimethoprim*H | > 2 | 3.5 | (0.8 to 6.3) | 22.4 | (14.9 to 29.9) | 55.6 | (43.3 to 67.9) | 53.9 | (45.7 to 62.1) |
| Sulfamethoxazole*H | > 64 | 4.7 | (1.5 to 7.9) | 30.0 | (21.8 to 38.2) | 60.3 | (48.2 to 70.4) | 68.5 | (60.1 to 76.1) |
* Swedres-Svarm 2015. Consumption of antibiotics and occurrence of antibiotic resistance in Sweden. Solna/Uppsala ISSN 1650-6332, 117, Table 2.17
*H and *D Statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between healthy dairy cattle and swine, and between dairy cattle’s and swine’s clinical submissions. Corresponding percentages are also presented in italic face