. 2018 Dec 19;17(2):2531–2542. doi: 10.3892/ol.2018.9851

Table I.

Differences of colorectal cancer burden and screening programs in 53 Countries of World Health Organization European Region as of June 2017.

A, Cluster 1

	Incidence^a			Mortality^a

Population	M	F	M and F	M	F	M and F	Life expectancy Year 2015 M and F^b	Screening programme^c	Regions^c	Test^c–g	Age target^c–g	Screening Interval^c–g	Payment Policy^c–g
Uzbekistan	5.6	4.9	5.3	3.9	3.3	3.9	68.5	Unknown	NR	NA	NR	NR	NR
Outside European
Institutions
Tajikistan	7.3	4.0	5.5	5.1	2.8	3.6	69.8	Unknown	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Outside European
Institutions
Azerbaijan	7.1	6.4	6.7	4.3	4.0	4.6	70.8	Spontaneous	NR	iFOBT	NR	NR	NR
Outside European
Institutions
Kyrgyzstan	8.1	8.3	8.2	5.7	5.8	4.1	70.7	Unknown	NR	NA	NR	NR	NR
Outside European
Institutions
Albania	9.0	7.9	8.4	4.8	3.9	5.8	78.0	Unknown	NR	NA	NR	NR	NR
Georgia	9.9	7.5	8.5	5.5	4.0	5.7	74.8	Organized, NPB	All nation	gFOBT	50–69	2	Free of charge
Turkmenistan	9.3	9.0	9.0	6.0	5.7	4.4	65.7	Not organized	NR	iFOBT	NR	NR	NR
Outside European
Institutions
Greece	16.3	11.2	13.5	9.2	6.1	13.7	81.6	Spontaneous	All nation	FOBT	50–70	2	NR
Turkey	20.5	13.1	16.6	12.6	7.8	7.5	75.4	Organized, PB	All nation	FOBT	50–69	2	Free of charge
Bosnia and	20.7	13.3	16.6	12.7	7.7	11.1	76.6	Organized,	Regional	FOBT	>50	NR	NR
Herzegovina								PB spontaneous	All nation	FOBT	>50
Armenia	22.8	17.0	19.3	13.4	9.7	9.8	74.8	Spontaneous	NR	iFOBT	NR	NR	NR

B, Cluster 2

	Incidence^a			Mortality^a

Population	M	F	M and F	M	F	M and F	Life expectancy Year 2015 M and F^b	Screening programme^c	Regions^c	Test^c–g	Age target^c–g	Screening Interval^c–g	Payment Policy^c–g

Kazakhstan	29.1	19.4	22.8	16.9	10.7	10.0	72.0	Organized, PB	All nation	FOBT	50–70	2	NA
Outside European
Institutions
Ukraine	29.9	19.8	23.4	18.8	10.8	14.5	71.2	Unknown	NR	NA	NR	NR	NR
Lithuania	31.2	18.9	23.4	19.7	10.2	13.7	75.1	Spontaneous,	All nation	iFOBT	50–74	2	Free of
								NPB					charge
Finland	28.2	19.7	23.5	10.2	6.9	10.4	81.4	Organized, PB	All nation	FOBT	50–69	2	Free of
													charge
Latvia	30.0	20.2	23.7	17.7	10.4	15.9	74.1	Spontaneous,	All nation	gFOBT	>50	2	Free of
								NPB					charge
FRY of Macedonia Belarus	28.4	20.5	24.3	15.5	10.8	13.4	75.5	Unknown	NR	FOBT	NR	NR	NR
Outside European
Institutions	30.9	20.7	24.4	17.5	10.4	12.8	73.6	Not organized	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Russian Federation	30.0	21.8	24.5	19.9	12.6	9.9	70.9	Organized	St. Petersburg region	iFOBT	48–75	2	NR
Outside European
Institutions
Cyprus	27.3	22.2	24.5	8.6	5.3	13.0	80.3	Organized, PB	All nation	gFOBT	>50	Once	Free of
								Organized, PB	All nation	Coloscopy	>55	Once	charge
Austria	34.0	19.6	26.0	13.3	7.2	16.6	81.8	Spontaneous,	All nation	iFOBT	>50	2	Insurance
								NPB		Coloscopy		10	Copayment
Romania	34.5	20.2	26.4	18.2	9.7	12.9	75.0	Unknown	NR	NA	NR	NR	NR
Poland	37.2	19.5	27.0	20.6	10.3	12.9	78.2	Organized, PB	All nation	Colonoscopy	50–66	10	Free of
													charge
Estonia	35.1	22.6	27.2	17.6	9.4	15.2	77.1	Organized, PB	All nation	FOBT	50–74	2	Free of
													charge
Montenegro	36.2	21.1	28.2	20.7	12.0	11.2	76.3	Unknown	NR	NA	NR	NR	NR
Republic of Moldova	36.0	23.0	28.3	22.0	12.6	8.3	71.6	Spontaneous	NR	iFOBT	NR	NR	NR
Bulgaria	40.0	25.1	31.5	21.3	12.0	12.3	74.5	Spontaneous	NR	iFOBT Coloscopy	NR	NR	NR
Serbia	43.4	23.3	32.6	22.8	11.5	9.3	75.5	Organized, PB	All nation	iFOBT	50–74	2	Free of charge
Croatia	44.2	24.7	32.9	26.7	13.0	18.0	77.3	Organized, PB	All nation	gFOBT	50–74	2	Free of charge

C, Cluster 3

	Incidence^a			Mortality^a

Population	M	F	M and F	M	F	M and F	Life expectancy Year 2015 M and F^b	Screening programme^c	Regions^c	Test^c–g	Age target^c–g	Screening Interval^c–g	Payment Policy^c–g

Ireland	43.1	27.7	34.9	16.0	8.9	16.5	81.5	Organized, PB	All nation	iFOBT	55–74	2	Free of charge
Israel	43.0	30.3	35.9	12.6	10.0	10.7	82.1	Organized, PB	All nation	iFOBT	50–74	2	Free of charge
Outside European
Institutions
Belgium	45.2	29.5	36.7	14.7	9.5	13.4	81.3	Organized, PB	Regional	gFOBT	50–74	2	Free of charge
Slovenia	49.7	27.0	37.0	22.9	11.2	16.2	81.1	Organized, PB	All nation	iFOBT	50–69	2	Free of charge
Czech Republic	54.0	27.1	38.9	22.6	9.9	16.0	79.5	Spontaneous,	All nation	gFOBT	50–54	1	Insurance
								NPB		gFOBT	>55	2	Copayment
										Coloscopy		10
Norway	42.6	35.8	38.9	14.2	12.1	14.5	82.1	Organized, PB	Regional	iFOBT	55–64	2	Free of charge
Netherlands	47.5	33.9	40.2	16.0	11.2	13.0	81.7	Organized, PB	All nation	iFOBT	55–75	2	Free of charge
Denmark	45.9	37.5	40.5	16.8	12.5	20.8	81.1	Organized, PB	All nation	gFOBT	50–74	2	Free of charge
Hungary	58.9	30.5	42.3	30.1	14.5	15.4	76.0	Organized, PB	All nation	iFOBT	50–70	2	Free of charge
Slovakia Republic	61.6	29.3	42.7	26.9	12.0	12.3	77.2	Spontaneous, NPB	All nation	Coloscopy	>50	2	Free of charge

D, Cluster 4

	Incidence^a			Mortality^a

Population	M	F	M and F	M	F	M and F	Life expectancy Year 2015 M and F^b	Screening programme^c	Regions^c	Test^c–g	Age target^c–g	Screening Interval^c–g	Payment Policy^c–g

Iceland	29.9	28.2	28.4	9.3	5.8	6.9	82.9	Spontaneous, but programmed as organized	All nation	iFOBT	55–75	2	Free of charge
Sweden	32.3	26.5	29.2	12.2	9.7	7.4	82.6	Organized, PB	Regional	gFOBT	60–69	2	Free of charge
Switzerland	36.3	23.6	29.4	12.8	6.4	12.2	83.2	Spontaneous	All nation	iFOBT	50–70	2	Insurance
										Coloscopy		10	Copayment
France (Metrop.)	36.1	24.9	30.0	12.9	8.0	10.8	82.7	Organized, PB	All nation	FOBT	50–74	2	Free of charge
United Kingdom	36.8	24.4	30.2	13.0	8.7	13.6	82.0	Organized, PB	All nation	gFOBT	50–74	2	Free of charge
Germany	39.7	23.3	30.9	13.1	8.1	11.8	81.1	Spontaneous,	All nation	gFOBT	50–54	1	Insurance
								NPB		gFOBT	>55	2	Copayment
										Coloscopy		10
Luxembourg	42.1	21.6	31.5	13.9	8.8	12.2	82.2	Spontaneous, NPB	All nation	iFOBT	55–74	2	Free of charge
Portugal	41.8	23.6	31.7	19.0	9.4	10.2	81.5	Organized, PB	Regional	FOBT	50–70	2	Free of charge
Malta	39.9	25.2	31.9	14.5	10.4	18.7	81.9	Organized, PB	All nation	iFOBT	60–64	2	Free of charge
Spain	43.9	24.2	33.1	17.1	8.4	10.9	83.4	Organized, PB	All nation	iFOBT	50–69	2	Free of charge
Italy	41.5	27.5	33.9	13.5	8.6	11.1	83.5	Organized, PB	All nation	iFOBT	50–70	2	Free of
										Coloscopy	58 or 60	Once	Charge
Andorra	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	iFOBT Coloscopy	NR	NR	NR
Monaco	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	All nation	iFOBT	50–80	2	Free of charge
San Marino	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	All nation	iFOBT	50–79	2	Free of charge

Ferlay J. Soerjomataram I. Dikshit R. Eser S. Mathers C. Rebelo M. Parkin DM. Forman D. Bray F. Int J Cancer. 2015Mar1;136(5):E359-86. GLOBOCAN 2012 http://globocan.iarc.fr/Default.aspx: Last Accessed: December 23. 2016.

Data Available from WORLD BANK OPEN DADA database; URL https://data.worldbank.org/. Last accessed 1 September 2017.

Altobelli E. Lattanzi A. Paduano R. Varassi G. di Orio F. Colorectal cancer prevention in Europe: burden of disease and status of screening programs. Prev Med 2014;62:132-141.

Schreuders EH. Ruco A. Rabeneck L. Schoen RE. Sung JJ. Young GP. Kuipers EJ. Colorectal cancer screening: A global overview of existing programmes. Gut 2015;64(10):1637-1649.

Giordano L. Bisanti L. Salamina G. Ancelle Park R. Sancho-Garnier H. Espinas H. Berling C. Rennert G. Castagno R. Dotti M. Jaramillo L. Segnan N. The EUROMED CANCER network: state-of-art of cancer screening programmes in non-EU Mediterranean countries. Eur J Public Health 2016;26(1):83-89.

http://www.who.int/cancer/country-profiles/en/.

https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/major_chronic_diseases/docs/2017_cancerscreening_2ndreportimplementation_en.pdf. Cancer Screening in the European Union (2017). Report on the implementation of the Council Recommendation on cancer screening. Cancer Screening in the European Union. Report on the implementation of the Council Recommendation on cancer screening. Reprint May 2017. NR, Not Reported; PB, Population Based; NPB, Non Population Based; M, Male; F, Female.