Table 1. Characteristics of Participants, by Measures of Ruralitya, Study of Rural–Urban Differences in Baseline Dietary Intake and Physical Activity Levels Among Adolescents, ACTION PAC Cluster-Randomized Trial.
| Characteristic | Total (N = 940) | Zip Code–Level RUCA Codeb |
Population Density |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0 (n = 749) | 2.0 (n = 144) | 2.1 (n = 47) | ≥1,000 People/mile2 (n = 396) | <1,000 People/mile2 (n = 510) | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 15.3 (0.7) | 15.4 (0.7) | 15.1 (0.7) | 15.2 (0.7) | 15.5 (0.7) | 15.2 (0.7) |
| Female sex | 519 (55) | 419 (56) | 75 (52) | 25 (53) | 210 (53) | 291 (57) |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 810 (86) | 628 (84) | 136 (94) | 46 (98) | 339 (86) | 439 (86) |
| Racec, | ||||||
| White | 119 (13) | 111 (15) | 7 (5) | 1 (2) | 45 (11) | 70 (14) |
| Black | 34 (4) | 34 (5) | 0 | 0 | 16 (4) | 18 (4) |
| American Indian | 26 (3) | 25 (3) | 1 (1) | 0 | 18 (5) | 7 (1) |
| Asian | 6 (0) | 5 (1) | 1 (1) | 0 | 5 (1) | 1 (0) |
| Pacific Islander | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0) | 0 |
| Multiple | 24 (2) | 22 (3) | 1 (1) | 1 (2) | 15 (4) | 9 (2) |
| Annual household incomed, $ | ||||||
| <20,000 | 392 (42) | 300 (40) | 78 (54) | 14 (30) | 182 (46) | 196 (38) |
| ≥20,000 | 548 (58) | 449 (60) | 66 (46) | 33 (70) | 214 (54) | 314 (62) |
| Parent/guardian education levele | ||||||
| Less than high school graduate | 291 (31) | 219 (29) | 53 (37) | 19 (40) | 135 (34) | 150 (29) |
| High school graduate or some college | 506 (54) | 403 (54) | 79 (55) | 24 (51) | 214 (54) | 271 (53) |
| College graduate | 143 (15) | 127 (17) | 12 (8) | 4 (9) | 47 (12) | 89 (18) |
Abbreviations: ACTION PAC, Adolescents Committed to Improvement of Nutrition and Physical Activity; RUCA, rural–urban commuting area; SD, standard deviation.
a
Values are no. (%) unless otherwise indicated.
b
1.0 = Metropolitan area core: primary commuting flow within an urbanized area; 2.0 = Metropolitan area high commuting: primary flow 30% or more to an urbanized area; 2.1 = Metropolitan area high commuting: secondary flow 30% to 50% to a larger urbanized area.
c
Seventy-eight percent of participants selected only an ethnicity.
d
Four percent of participants had missing data for family income.
e
One percent of participants had missing data for parent/guardian education level.