Table 3. Relationship Between Neighborhood Sociodemographic Characteristics and Density of Large Chain Restaurants, Los Angeles County, California, 2016^a .

Quartile	Mean (Standard Deviation)
	Percentage of Non-Hispanic White Residents	Percentage of Residents with >High School Education	Percentage of Residents Below the Poverty Level	Median Household Income, $
Percentage of restaurants that are large chain b , c (based on the number of locations nationally)
Quartile 1 (0%–18%)	36.0 (28.4)	60.9 (21.8)	17.0 (10.7)	68,360.7 (32,674.4)
Quartile 2 (19%–26%)	35.2 (28.8)	58.4 (24.0)	18.4 (9.9)	65,370.3 (32,879.2)
Quartile 3 (27%–35%)	26.8 (23.4)	56.1 (20.4)	15.8 (8.0)	65,832.0 (24,492.2)
Quartile 4 (>35%)	28.4 (24.2)	56.9 (20.4)	15.6 (11.0)	71,683.3 (35,499.6)
Percentage of restaurants that are large chain b , c (based on the number of locations in Los Angeles County)
Quartile 1 (0%–14%)	40.5 (28.8)	64.4 (21.7)	15.4 (10.2)	74,177.7 (36,175.4)
Quartile 2 (15%–22%)	34.2 (28.0)	59.2 (24.1)	18.1 (11.1)	66,282.7 (30,176.5)
Quartile 3 (23%–29%)	27.3 (22.3)d	56.0 (18.4)e	16.0 (7.0)	64,073.5 (21,896.4)
Quartile 4 (>29%)	24.8 (23.9)f	53.0 (20.8)g	17.3 (11.0)	67,197.8 (35,946.7)

^a Neighborhoods (N = 247) and their boundaries were defined according to the Los Angeles Times’ Mapping L.A. project. All analyses excluded 8 neighborhoods with <1,000 residents and 3 neighborhoods with >15 restaurants per 1,000 residents.

^b Results did not substantively or significantly change when analyses were conducted on neighborhoods with ≥10 restaurants (n = 215).

^c Large chain restaurants were defined as restaurants with ≥20 locations.

^d P = .005 for difference between quartile 3 and quartile 1, based on simple linear regression.

^e P = .03 for difference between quartile 3 and quartile 1, based on simple linear regression.

^f P = .001 for difference between quartile 3 and quartile 1, based on simple linear regression.

^g P = .003 for difference between quartile 3 and quartile 1, based on simple linear regression.